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Vulnerability and feminist bioethics
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
While acknowledging the importance of identifying and clarifying different sorts of sources or layers, and the valuable work carried out by these feminist philosophers, my account criticizes the taxonomical approach (Luna 2015). I argue that taxonomies classify sets of objects or entities and can be considered “successful” when they provide clear criteria to differentiate one set from the other. When taxonomies do this, they bring in conceptual clarity and have a reassuring effect because they make people feel that reality can be ordered. The problem is that vulnerabilities are so varied that they defy orderly classification (Luna 2015). Taxonomies introduce some rigidity that layers try to avoid. I use an image to explain the problem:Reality, I believe, tends to be like a Rubens woman, a Baroque figure proud of the majesty of her voluptuous body; no matter what corset she wears – through the strings and fabric that try to keep her body “contained” – there will still be flesh out of order, falling out of the stiff and unsuccessful corset!.(Luna 2015: 448)Taxonomies, like corsets, may not be useful tools.
Physical symptoms
Published in Aurora Lassaletta, Ruth Clarke, The Invisible Brain Injury, 2019
Aurora Lassaletta, Susana Pajares
For some time I have been using a corset or belt that the doctor recommended when I do sport. I also use it when I have to stand up or walk around for a long time, as a way of supporting the structure of my body when my body can’t support itself. I had heard a few physiotherapists say that using a corset cannot strengthen muscles but, in those particular moments, as a tool for support, I find it essential. I have to be very careful of the consequences for my back of standing still for too long, and this means I have to be sure that there will be seats at any party or meeting I’m going to, or bring along my own. With brain injury, there is an overall physical deconditioning that also affects muscle tone in the trunk and limbs. In the trunk, muscle weakness in the abdominal wall and lumbar spine can manifest with pain, and specific work is required to recuperate their function to protect and stabilise the spinal column.
The medical counterculture
Published in Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim, A History of Medicine, 2017
Mary Nichols described her approach to health in A Woman's Work in Water Cure and Sanitary Education (1874). In addition to the usual advice about diet and exercise, she urged women to abandon hoopskirts, corsets, heavy petticoats, and other kinds of fashionable clothing that restricted movement and made breathing difficult. “We can expect but small achievement from women” she wrote, “so long as it is the labor of their lives to carry about their clothing.” Studies of “Compartment Syndrome,” a disorder caused by compression injuries, lend support to her warnings about heavy, restrictive clothing. In terms of the health of girls and women, dress reform was not a trivial issue. Victorian era corsets, for example, could cause fainting, shortness of breath, indigestion, and even crippling spinal distortion. Fashionable clothing constricted the lungs and diaphragm, restricted blood circulation, and caused the strange condition known as chlorosis, or green anemia, which only affected growing girls and young women. The mysterious ailment disappeared altogether when corsets were finally abandoned, but any form of excessively tight clothing, such as skinny jeans, can lead to some form of Compartment Syndrome.
Corset trunkoplasty is able to preserve postoperative abdominal skin sensation in massive weight loss patients
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Kathrin Bachleitner, Maximilian Mahrhofer, Friedrich Knam, Thomas Schoeller, Laurenz Weitgasser
More recently, the so-called corset trunkoplasty was introduced by Moya et al. [12] in 2006 and is able to lift and tighten redundant lateral flank skin and excessive tissue in the upper abdomen. The corset trunkoplasty represents one of the most powerful techniques to address both horizontal and vertical skin excess in post-bariatric patients who lost a third up to a half of their original bodyweight. In addition to the horizontal scar in the bikini-zone, a midline scar similar to the fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty and a transverse breast fold scar are created. Together resembling an eponymous, 90° rotated letter H -pattern scar. No undermining of the tissue is needed in corset abdominoplasty techniques, as the entire anterolateral skin is reduced through elliptical excision and the lateral skin is advanced to the midline, creating an hourglass torso shape similar to wearing a corset. Since the resection is performed without undermining of the adjacent skin, the sensibility of the abdominal wall should be preserved.
Novel strategies to diagnose prosthetic or native bone and joint infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Alex Van Belkum, Marie-Francoise Gros, Tristan Ferry, Sebastien Lustig, Frédéric Laurent, Geraldine Durand, Corinne Jay, Olivier Rochas, Christine C. Ginocchio
Spondylodiscitis results from infection of intervertebral discs. The infection can spread to nearby bone tissue and represents 5% of all osteomyelitis forms [21]. Spondylodiscitis occurs via hematogenous spread or post-surgically. Symptoms include general malaise, weight loss, fever, back pain, spinal cord, or nerve compression. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and other disorders inducing a loss of weight, steroid therapy, rheumatic diseases, and spinal surgery. Worldwide, the most frequent microorganism responsible for spondylodiscitis is M. tuberculosis [22]. Half of the non-TB cases are due to S. aureus, with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, gram-negative bacteria (less than 30%) and streptococci ranking lower in frequency. Brucella spp. represents the predominant cause of spondylodiscitis in some Mediterranean countries and the Middle East [23]. Treatment consists of wearing corsets and undergoing long courses of antibiotic therapy. Diagnostic specimens included drainage fluids from abscesses, bone tissue, and positive blood culture samples. Different etiological agents require different cultivation strategies with different sensitivities and specificities. Serological testing aiming at the detection of antibodies to the best known pathogens is another distinct though usually less specific and sensitive diagnostic option [24].
Online adaptive MR-guided stereotactic radiotherapy for unresectable malignancies in the upper abdomen using a 1.5T MR-linac
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Lois A. Daamen, Sophie R. de Mol van Otterloo, Iris W. J. M. van Goor, Hidde Eijkelenkamp, Beth A. Erickson, William A. Hall, Hanne D. Heerkens, Gert J. Meijer, I. Quintus Molenaar, Hjalmar C. van Santvoort, Helena M. Verkooijen, Martijn P. W. Intven
A dose of 35 Gray (Gy) was administered in five fractions to all patients who were treated before June 2019. Hereafter, the dose regimen was increased to 40 Gy in five fractions, based on initial experiences and national consensus. Fractions were spread over a period of 2 weeks, with at least 1 day between each fraction. For pretreatment imaging, a planning CT scan (Philips, Brilliance Big Bore CT) and MR-sim (1.5 T Philips ingenia MR-RT) of the entire upper abdomen was performed. The planning-CT protocol consisted of a four-dimensional (4 D) CT and an intravenous contrast-enhanced CT with an arterial and a portal venous phase, with a slice thickness of 3 mm and voxel size of 1.37 × 1.37 × 3 mm. For MRI, a 3 D T2 weighted (T2w) scan, dynamic T1 weighted sequential with and without intravenous contrast, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were acquired. Patients were positioned on a vacuum mattress (BlueBAG, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) in a head-first supine position with the arms along the body. A custom-made abdominal plaster corset was used to reduce breathing-induced tumor motion [19]. Patient setup was indexed to a special table overlay used for CT acquisition [20]. Tattooed skin marks were placed on the patient for reproducibility of the desired treatment position during treatment delivery.