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Irritation and Contact Dermatitis from Protective Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
The tests necessary for confirming the diagnoses of contact allergy and contact urticaria are discussed in Chapters 14, 16, and 17. It is essential to detect these cases early to initiate the appropriate prophylactic approach and then in follow-up consultations to check the course and outcome.
Eczema
Published in Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Chander Grover, Eckart Haneke, Nail Therapies, 2021
Dimitris Rigopoulos, Robert Baran
These patients have one or more black, triangular-shaped infarct-like macules under the distal free edge of the nail. These may be associated with painful dactylitis. If there is no underlying bone infection present, antiseptic washes with chlorhexidine, along with topical antimicrobial therapy, may be sufficient. Contact allergy is confirmed as a significant risk for hand eczema and related to its strength. Ingredients in nail care products may lead to allergic and/or irritant contact dermatitis. The latter can result in nail plate yellowing, nail dystrophy and cuticle disruption. Allergic contact dermatitis to nail polish has been reported to most commonly present as ectopic dermatitis as allergens are transferred by direct contact from partially dried polish.
Essential oils: General aspects
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Essential oils are frequently added to toothpastes, especially spearmint, peppermint and cinnamon oils. Contact allergy may lead to symptoms of the oral mucosa, the lips and the perioral skin including perioral eczema, cheilitis, burning/sore mouth, stomatitis, swelling of the tongue, lips and gingival mucosa and ulceration of the mouth (26). There are some indications that oral lichen planus may be worsened by contact allergy to essential oils (28). Rare cases of pigmented contact dermatitis, airborne allergic contact dermatitis, systemic contact dermatitis (29) and erythema multiforme-like reactions (25) from contact allergy to essential oils have been reported.
Impact of mono-culture vs. Co-culture of keratinocytes and monocytes on cytokine responses induced by important skin sensitizers
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2021
Venkatanaidu Karri, Carola Lidén, Nanna Fyhrquist, Johan Högberg, Hanna L. Karlsson
Induction of contact allergy (sensitization) results in lifelong susceptibility to developing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) by subsequent skin exposure to the allergens. Epidemiological studies show that at least 20% of the general population in Europe, North America and Asia suffer from contact allergies (Alinaghi et al. 2019). ACD can have a serious impact on the quality of life and represents a common occupational health problem, owing particularly to hand eczema (Meding et al. 2005). ACD results from an overreaction of the adaptive immune system and involves two phases; the induction phase and a subsequent elicitation phase (Martin 2015). Patch testing with a baseline series, including metals, fragrances, preservatives, and additional substances, is used to diagnose contact allergy; but numerous other chemicals have also been shown to cause contact allergy (Johansen et al. 2015). Indeed, many metal ions are well known to cause ACD with cobalt (Co) being the most frequently sensitizing metal after nickel (Thyssen and Menné 2010; Alinaghi et al. 2019). Among preservatives causing ACD, isothiazolinones – including methylisothiazolinone (MI), are frequently and abundantly found in cosmetics and non-cosmetic products (Lidén et al. 2016; Schwensen et al. 2017). Several aromatic amine precursors found in hair dyes, such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), are known to cause ACD (Lidén et al. 2016; Alinaghi et al. 2019; Ferguson et al. 2019).
Book Review
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
As in the previous volumes from Dr. DeGroot, this is a great help in the field of essential oils, a class of compounds which has become increasingly popular to many in the general public. This is a highly detailed and useful summary of a broad area of complex chemistry and allergic contact dermatitis. Key chapters are ‘Contact Allergy to Essential Oils: General Aspects,’ as well as chemicals identified in these essential oils which have caused contact allergy. Chapter 5 then provides a list of the essential oil ingredients that detailed information is available for. These chapters save the practitioner hours to days of searching, when dealing with these patients. For instances, under coriander fruit oil, they provide a definition, INCI nomenclature, ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard identification information, the plant, the oil, and their uses, as well as pages of detailed information as to their constituents, CAS identification number, percentage in and range in products. The next section provides not only information on contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis, but testing in groups of patients, testing in groups of selected patients, and case reports, followed by extensive literature. This book is essential for all advanced practitioners of contact allergy.
Non-glaucoma periocular allergic, atopic, and irritant dermatitis at an academic institution: A retrospective review
Published in Orbit, 2019
Saagar A. Pandit, Lora R. Dagi Glass
In order to distinguish subtypes and triggers of PD, patients often require further work-up through formal allergy testing. This is especially true when there is suspected contact allergy or potential for a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a systemic allergen, including ingested or environmental exposures.8 The treatment options for PD depend on the specific etiology. They include avoidance of environmental and/or contact allergens, as well as the application of low-potency topical steroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus or pimecrolimus), emollients, topical or oral antibiotics for secondary infections, and topical or oral antihistamines to decrease associated pruritus.5 Despite the fact that this condition affects the periocular region, literature on PD is often presented from the dermatologic or allergist perspective. However, few studies assess potential differences between treatment regimens, and these studies do not assess differences in treatment based on time-to-cure.17–19