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Superficial mycoses in the elderly
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
B. P. Glick, M. Zaiac, G. Rebell, N. Zaias
A second form of candidiasis with important dermatologic features is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. This occurs in patients with a deficiency of a leukocyte myeloperoxidase and is manifest by severe chronic erosive and crusted lesions of the skin and mucous membranes primarily involving the facial areas23.
Inherited Defects in Immune Defenses Leading to Pulmonary Disease
Published in Stephen D. Litwin, Genetic Determinants of Pulmonary Disease, 2020
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is common in persons with defects in cell-mediated immunity [41], Respiratory involvement can be seen. Candidiasis occurs both in patients with known primary immunodeficiency diseases such as combined immunodeficiency, and DiGeorge's syndrome, and in persons with no definitive diagnosis other than the candidiasis. Such persons may show a lack of migration inhibition factor (MIF) to Candida and other antigens.
Candidiasis
Published in Rebecca A. Cox, Immunology of the Fungal Diseases, 2020
Judith E. Domer, Emily W. Carrow
Candidiasis may be manifested in a variety of clinical forms including cutaneous, e.g., skin and nails; mucocutaneous, e.g., oral cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina; and systemic disease. The results of a postmortem survey by Parker et al.7 of the pathobiologic features of human candidiasis are representative of what has been published over the years about the disease. In particular, 95% of the patients studied had been receiving antibiotics prior to the development of candidiasis, and while systemic disease was manifest in a variety of organs, e.g., brain, heart, liver, eyes, and kidney, the latter organ had the highest percentage of involvement. The kidney is the target organ in laboratory models of systemic candidiasis as well.18 Interestingly, although one finds Candida in sputum specimens regularly, pulmonary candidiasis is relatively rare.19 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, a specific syndrome of mucocutaneous disease to be discussed later, is of special interest because of its association with individuals in whom immunologic abnormalities can be demonstrated.
The mycobiota of the human body: a spark can start a prairie fire
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Di Zhang, Ying Wang, Sunan Shen, Yayi Hou, Yugen Chen, Tingting Wang
Malassezia, the main mycobiota in the skin, can cause different skin infections. Pityriasis versicolor is a form of skin tinea that has a definite connection with Malassezia.108 The hyphae of Malassezia invades the skin, and its metabolites form small-scale pigmented plaques in lipid spills. Balaji and colleagues109 detected that cross-reactivity between fungal thioredoxin and human thioredoxin may related to the inflammation in the patients with atopic dermatitis. In addition, Malassezia also contributes to dandruff110 and folliculitis,111which bring stubborn trouble to the patient. Candida can also cause skin infection, named chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC),112 marked with the deficiency of IL-17. In the patient’s body, mutations in STAT1 prevent T cells from differentiating into Th17 cells and thus fail to secrete immune effectors such as IL-17, which are the key to skin resistance to Candida infection.65,68,113 Moreover, patients with autoimmune disease produce antibodies to IL-17, which impair immunity and can also trigger CMC.62
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: what can we conclude about IL-17 antagonism?
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Kevin K. Veverka, Steven R. Feldman
Previous investigations have evaluated patients who are born with or who otherwise develop defects in their IL-17 pathway to predict what side effects we can expect from IL-17 inhibition, particularly infectious implications (6–8). Inherited defects in the IL-17 pathway result in the clinical syndrome of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), in which superficial candidal and staphylococcal infections are common (9). Patients treated with anti-IL-17 drugs do have an increased risk of superficial yeast infections, though they are recognized to occur on the order of only about 1.7–4.0% patients (10). Does the natural experiment of patients with CMC provide compelling reassurance about malignancy risk as has been suggested?
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1: a case report and brief review
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Ifeanyi Nwosu, Oreoluwa Oladiran, Chinyere Ogbonna-Nwosu, Anulika Anyata
Onset typically begins in childhood with multiple autoimmune disorders manifesting throughout patient’s lifetime [8]. In most cases, the first symptom is a chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis even before the development of endocrine disorders and usually affects the oral cavity, esophagus, and the skin. It is the most common manifestation of APS type 1 and is seen in almost 100% of cases [5].