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Scalp, facial and gunshot injuries
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Bruises are caused by trauma to the skin that ruptures blood vessels and blood escapes into the tissues. Particularly in deeper tissues, bruises are often called contusions. The older term ‘ecchymosis’ is also sometimes used. In forensic practice, findings must be described in terminology that can be understood by non-medical lay people and if simple terminology can be used, it is to be preferred. It is more likely that a jury will understand ‘black eye’ than periorbital haematoma.
On-Scene Body Assessment
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Kevin l. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong
Lividity is sometimes misinterpreted as antemortem bruising or contusion. Lividity is generally more widespread and thus less focal than antemortem contusion. To determine the difference, the investigator can apply gentle pressure on an area of lividity with a thumb or finger. This pressure will push the pooled blood out of the area, creating a paler area of blanching. Blood will not vacate this area if it is a bruise (provided the lividity has not yet been fixed) because the blood is trapped within the connective tissues beneath the skin. Bruises usually appear slightly darker than the overlying or surrounding lividity and may be accompanied by swelling. Otherwise, the lividity may completely obscure bruising, especially if it has become fixed.
Complications of Fillers and Their Management
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
To prevent and manage early side effects, such as edema and ecchymosis, provide a preventative guideline to patients prior to the injectable procedure. Instruct patients to avoid blood thinning medications or foods and supplements. The day of the procedure, apply cold compresses during and following treatment. Arnica and other bruise-reducing topical agents may be of assistance. If an ecchymosis forms, treatment with a vascular laser may assist clearance.
Q-switch nanosecond laser as innovative and instant management for bruises discoloration, a case report
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Kamal Al Hallak, Salem Tomi, Dima Omran
The color of the bruise correlates to the age of the injury. The bruising process starts when the small blood vessels are compromised, which in turn leads to local hemorrhage that might extravasate into surrounding soft tissues (6). Then, leaked red blood cells release hemoglobin, resulting in the red discoloration (6). Thus, almost all bruises start as red due to the hemoglobin color, then go through a series of color changes namely, purple, yellow, brown, and green (6). The change of color is related to the degradation of oxyhemoglobin and the coexistence of its degradation products (6). The main four chromophores in bruises are Oxy-hemoglobin, Hemoglobin, Bilirubin, and Biliverdin (7). Each one of them has a different light absorbance spectrum (7). Most of the bruises we encounter in our practice, are usually yellow due to the timing of the scheduled follow up, which is usually one week after the procedure.
Practice of community-service doctors in the assessment and medico-legal documentation of common physical assault cases
Published in South African Family Practice, 2018
L Fouché, J Bezuidenhout, C Liebenberg, AO Adefuye
A bruise is a focal discolouration of the skin due to rupture of the small venules, with extravasation of the blood into the surrounding tissue due to blunt trauma.7 An abrasion is the loss of the superficial skin layers due to tangential blunt force trauma.7 Responses in the questionnaire of this study indicated that only 91.4% of participants who indicated that they had examined patients claiming to have been assaulted are able to recognise a bruise, and 96.3% are able to recognise an abrasion (Table 3), suggesting that seven (8.6%) and three (3.7%) participants were unable to recognise a bruise and an abrasion, respectively.
Spontaneous periocular ecchymosis: a major review
Published in Orbit, 2023
Matthew J. Hartley, Pav Gounder, Huw Oliphant
Through the multitude of vascular phenomena that are thought to occur during migraine and atypical headache, it is clear how a number of these patients can present with SPE and warrant treatment. Interestingly, severe migraine, atypical headaches, and associated psychiatric disorders can involve self-injury behavior to provide distraction from severe pain.37 An apparent non-traumatic periocular bruise can in fact be the result of an unconsciously self-inflicted injury. Rarer still, SPE can in fact be due to a deliberate self-inflicted injury, such is the case in Munchausen syndrome.