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Arteropathies, Microcirculation and Vasculitis
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
Bacillary angiomatosis, also known as epithelioid angiomatosis, is a disorder characterized by neovascular proliferation in the skin or the internal organs and presents as tumour-like masses due to infection with Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. Originally, bacillary angiomatosis was described in HIV patients, but it is known to occur in other non-HIV immunocompromised states as well as in immunocompetent persons. The neovascular proliferative lesions in the internal organs are known as peliosis and are common in liver and spleen.
AIDS-Related Malignancy
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Mark Bower, Elena Gervasi, Alessia Dalla Pria
The main differential diagnosis is bacillary angiomatosis or epithelioid angiomatosis, which is caused by a fastidious Gram-negative Rikettsia-like organism Bartonella henselae. This infection can be effectively treated with erythromycin. These diagnoses can only be reliably distinguished histopathologically, and so a biopsy is essential to confirm the diagnosis of KS. Lesions are graded histopathologically into patch, plaque, or nodular grade disease.
Dermatological emergencies in tropical infections and infestations
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Anup Kumar Tiwary, Niharika Ranjan Lal, Piyush Kumar
Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by proliferative vascular lesions, is caused by Bartonella henselae and B. quintana, and is common in immunocompromised individuals. Domestic cat (Felis domesticus) and human body louse (Pediculus humanus) are the transmission vectors for B. henselae and B. quintana, respectively. Internal organ involvement may result in biliary obstruction and jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding, encephalopathy, laryngeal obstruction, and asphyxiation. The illness responds well to antibiotic therapy but runs a chronic progressive course in untreated patients and may be fatal [43].
Isolated hepatosplenic abscess from cat scratch disease in a patient with HIV
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Bhanusowmya Buragamadagu, Chen Song, Shambo GuhaRoy, Gul Madison
B. henselae is a small pleomorphic, fastidious, facultative gram-negative bacillus that was first observed from a lymph node of a patient infected with CSD in 1983.1,3 The average annual incidence of CSD is reported to be 0.7 to 0.8 per 100,000 population.4,5 CSD is frequently seen in children aged <14 years, followed by adults. The organism’s affinity to the vascular endothelium and its effects on vascular endothelial growth factor are thought to cause its intraerythrocytic proliferation.2,6 Typical CSD frequently presents as an erythematous papule followed by isolated regional lymphadenopathy with or without fever. It is considered a self-limiting illness rarely requiring treatment, including antibiotics or lymph node drainage.2 Immunocompromised patients frequently have atypical presentations such as retinitis, Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, hepatosplenic abscess, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and vasoproliferative manifestations like bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis.2,5 Diagnosis of atypical CSD can be challenging in the absence of relevant clinical history. Blood cultures and tissue cultures have prolonged incubation periods.2 The polymerase chain reaction and serological tests are used in diagnosis.2,7–9
Management of Intraocular Infections in HIV
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Ilaria Testi, Sarakshi Mahajan, Rupesh Agrawal, Aniruddha Agarwal, Alessandro Marchese, Andre Curi, Moncef Khairallah, Yee Sin Leo, Quan Dong Nguyen, Vishali Gupta
Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease and, in immunocompromised patients, of bacillary angiomatosis. Ocular complications associated with the infection have been reported in immunocompetent patients and less often in HIV patients.110111112–113 Bartonella infection in HIV-infected patients usually presents differently from the typical presentation of neuroretinitis. Due to the relationship between the bacteria and vascular endothelium, the response tends to be vasoproliferative. Vasoproliferative lesions can be seen both in the skin (bacillary angiomatosis) and in the retina.110 Diagnosis is based on serologic tests in peripheral blood and titers of IgG >1/256 are considered acute or recent infection.114
Cat Scratch Disease: Not a Benign Condition
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Sandra Barros, Gabriel Costa de Andrade, Cecilia Cavalcanti, Heloisa Nascimento
Vascular proliferation may be one of the most important events in Bartonella infection, and this was evident since the isolation of Bartonella species in bacillary angiomatosis.20 The first reports of vascular lesions involving the eye associated with ocular bartonellosis dates back to the 90s, with descriptions of «peripapillary angiomatosis»21 and «inflammatory mass of the optic nerve head».22 Bartonella-induced vascular proliferation seems to be elicited by stimulation of the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by infected macrophages, triggering of vascular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis.23