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Recent Cannabinoid Delivery Systems
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Natascia Bruni, Carlo Della Pepa, Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso, Daniela Gastaldi, Franco Dosio, Enrica Pessione
In order to complete this overview of topical CBD, we should note that CBD exerts interesting sebostatic and anti-inflammatory effects on human sebocytes [109], (data obtained from in vitro evaluations). Indeed, CBD has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of hyperproliferative keratinocytes (54), and to possess remarkable antibacterial activity (55). The authors also demonstrated the potent local activity of CBD as an anti-acne agent. Furthermore, its high lipophilicity means that CBD is expected to preferentially enter the skin via the transfollicular route and to accumulate in the sebaceous gland.
Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne: a review of phase 2 & 3 trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Siddharth Bhatt, Rohit Kothari, Durga Madhab Tripathy, Sunmeet Sandhu, Mahsa Babaei, Mohamad Goldust
Acne therapy is invariably long, lasting for years, and is ridden with frequent relapses. Despite great research efforts in understanding the pathogenesis of acne, other than retinoids, there is still no curative anti-acne agent presently, which could concomitantly target multiple pathogenetic steps of acne (sebum overproduction, sebocyte proliferation, inflammation) with a favorable side effect profile. Due to the long course of treatment, drug compliance is always an issue. Long-term prescription of topical and systemic antibiotics lead to bacterial resistance. Hence, combination therapy with more than one agent is recommended. Trials of many such combinations of commonly used anti-acne drugs are underway. Also, topical retinoids like tretinoin which is used as a first-line for acne are commonly associated with photosensitivity, local irritation, burning, and stinging. Therefore, current research is aimed at producing better vehicles for drug delivery that can deliver higher dosages with lesser side effects. Molecules like adapalene and tazarotene which are inherently photostable have been designed. The skin has the highest expression of the RAR-γ receptor amongst all the RAR receptors. Drugs that exclusively target this receptor have been designed, e.g. Trifarotene. Recent research into the pathogenesis of acne has also shed light on many other pathways of acne pathogenesis which are a potential target for therapeutic drugs.
Efficacy and safety of 2% supramolecular salicylic acid compared with 5% benzoyl peroxide/0.1% adapalene in the acne treatment: a randomized, split-face, open-label, single-center study
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Yue Zheng, Songchao Yin, Yue Xia, Jian Chen, Congxiu Ye, Quanrong Zeng, Wei Lai
Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring active ingredient and is effective in the treatment of acne due to its bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and keratin-exfoliating properties. However, SA is poorly soluble in water and tends to precipitate out in a low-pH alcoholic solution. The re-crystallization of SA in the formulation not only decreases the bioavailability of the active ingredient but also leads to skin irritation. Meanwhile, 2% SA with a pH in the range of 2.5–2.8 tends to cause skin irritation upon application on the skin. All these factors greatly limit the application of SA as an anti-acne agent.
Co-delivery of isotretinoin and clindamycin by phospholipid-based mixed micellar system confers synergistic effect for treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Gajanand Sharma, Yukhti Yachha, Kanika Thakur, Akanksha Mahajan, Gurjeet Kaur, Bhupinder Singh, Kaisar Raza, OP Katare
In the above background, it is proposed to formulate a topical delivery system of ITR in combination with CLIN by employing nanocarrier-based delivery strategies such as lipid-based micellar systems [24–26]. Nanocarriers hold great potential to improve the anti-acne therapy in a myriad of ways [27]. Nanocarriers explored for acne treatment have been fabricated using a variety of materials such as lipids, polymers, gold, etc. Vesicular carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes and invasomes; polymeric carriers such as micelles, nanoparticles, and nanosponges; emulsions; lipidic nanoparticles such as SLNs, NLCs, and lipid nanocapsules; have been explored. The ultra fine size of nanocarriers facilitates topical penetration and ability to target hair follicles, which is the epicenter of acne pathogenesis. Further, they are employed to design smart nano systems, delivery of combination therapy and design of photodynamic therapies for acne [28]. The specific ability of follicular targeting and smart delivery of anti-acne agent at the target site is beneficial to provide controlled drug release thus preventing premature release of drug and associated side effects at non-target sites. Nanocarriers also reduce skin irritation potential of anti-acne drug molecules. A number of studies in the past have explored the potential of nanocarrier-based drug delivery approaches for acne management [14,27,29,30]. The hypothesis is based on the possibility of enhanced delivery of drug when the molecules of drugs are interiorized within the host-infrastructure of carrier system. Herein, the phospholipids in conjunction with other excipients expected to play a critical role in overall dermal transport through skin barriers. Besides the delivery, ITR suffers from problem of photo instability which needs to be circumvented [31]. The proposed systems i.e. the lipid-based mixed micellar systems have been considered here with additional merit to prevent the exposure of drug from light.