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Role of Lingual and Gastric Lipases in Fat Digestion and Absorption
Published in Margit Hamosh, Lingual and Gastric Lipases: Their Role in Fat Digestion, 2020
Two separate studies were conducted. In the first study nine infants (gestational age 30.5 weeks, postnatal age 29 d) received gavage feeding with and without nonnutritive sucking, each infant being his/her own control. These infants were studied during several different feeding regimens: no pacifier, pacifier during gavage feeding, pacifier prior to and during gavage feeding, and nipple feeding. In the second study there were 10 infants (gestational age 29.7 weeks, postnatal age 32.5 d), 6 infants were given a pacifier during and for 5 min after each gavage feeding for the duration of the study (4 to 6 weeks). The other four infants (controls) received gavage feedings without oral stimulation. All the infants were appropriate for gestational age.
Therapeutic interventions
Published in Anne McFadyen, Special care babies and their developing relationships, 2019
Having said all that, some very important research has been carried out on interventions aimed at improving the neonate's experience of special care. Tiffany Field has both carried out and reviewed such research (1990a and b). Using physiological measures such as oxygen tension, Cortisol and growth hormone levels as indicators of the infant's stress, clear relationships have been demonstrated between the infant's state and the number and frequency of interventions. Reduction in the amount of handling of VLBW infants and the number of invasive interventions, as well as attention to the timing of these, has been shown to reduce the number of episodes of hypoxaemia and result in improved growth rate. By implication, it can be concluded that a more stable physiological state may help the infant to feel more emotionally contained. The introduction of simple measures to soothe infants, such as gentle stroking and the use of pacifiers (dummies) to permit non-nutritive sucking, while stressful procedures are carried out has also been demonstrated to reduce physiological indices of stress, and result in an improved physical outcome.
Yersinia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
As part of general hygiene practice, hands should be washed with soap and water carefully before touching infants or their toys, bottles, or pacifiers; before handling or eating any food; after using the bathroom and changing diapers; and after contact with farm animals, pets, animal feces, and animal environments.
The effect of perceived insufficient milk on transition to supplementary food and factors affecting it during the first six months postpartum in Turkey: A cross-sectional study
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Ebru Küçük, Kıymet Yeşilçiçek Çalık, Nazan Tayar
This form was used to assess maternal factors, lactation-related factors, and infant-related factors. The maternal-related factors included age, educational status, income level, place of residence, working status, smoking habits, presence of a chronic illness, use of birth control pills, breastfeeding training during pregnancy, postpartum breastfeeding training, postpartum medical staff support, planned pregnancy, sleep time/24 hours, daily water intake/24 hours, parity, and delivery method. The lactation-related factors included infant’s breastfeeding time after birth, food given other than breast milk in the 3 days after birth, frequency of breastfeeding, use of pacifiers, use of feeding bottles, and family support. The infant-related factors included gender, birth weight, and present age of the infants.
Long-term effectiveness of the midwifery initiated oral health-dental service program on maternal oral health knowledge, preventative dental behaviours and the oral health status of children in Australia
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Ajesh George, Ariana Kong, Mariana S. Sousa, Amy Villarosa, Shilpi Ajwani, Hannah G. Dahlen, Sameer Bhole, Albert Yaacoub, Ravi Srinivas, Maree Johnson
There was no significant difference in the eating habits of children across the groups. Overall, just over a quarter (27.6%) of mothers reported their child consuming juice at least once a day. A similar proportion (25.1%) reported their child consuming biscuits, cakes doughnuts or muesli bars, at least once per day. Cup usage was the only variable that varied significantly across groups in terms of feeding habits, with 19.4% more mothers in the MIOH-DS group reporting their child always drank from a cup (Pearson’s χ2 = 11.734, p = 0.019) (Supplementary File 2). A third of participants reported that their child currently uses a bottle (31.4%), and just under half of mothers reported that their child (41.7%) regularly used a pacifier at some point in their lives. Most parents reported having practiced, or currently practicing, sharing utensils while feeding their child (60.3%). Some mothers reported giving their child a bottle when lying down to rest (40.2%), using their mouth to clean a pacifier for their child (12.7%), or coating a pacifier or bottle tea with honey or other sweet substance (3.4%), at some point.
Investigation into the flow rate of bottle teats typically used on an Australian neonatal unit
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2022
Siew-Lian Crossley, Kate Duthie, Melinda Newton, Celia Harding
The shape, size and other properties of teats can influence an infant learning to feed. Variation within teats of a product from one manufacturing source have been identified (Mathew, 1991; McGrattan et al., 2017). Zimmerman and Barlow (2008) investigated variation in material, shape and mechanical properties (stiffness) of different pacifiers on non-nutritive suck patterns of preterm infants. The authors demonstrated that infants responded to variations in pacifier shape and mechanical properties with differences in non-nutritive suck patterns. In addition, Zimmerman, Forlano, and Gouldstone (2017) went on to describe the wide variation of nipple and base shape, size, and stiffness in commercially available teats and how these properties influenced the non-nutritive suck pattern of term infants. Although the authors were specifically investigating the impact of pacifiers on non-nutritive sucking performance, conclusions about nutritive sucking and the impact on central pattern generator maturation and infant responses to specific bottle teat characteristics would be useful.