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Medicine in ancient civilizations: Mesopotamia and Egypt
Published in Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim, A History of Medicine, 2017
Sand particles found in bread and other foods caused a severe form of dental attrition. Frequent sandstorms contaminated most foodstuffs, adding grit to everything. In addition to wind-borne sand, foods contained particles from the stones used for milling grain. Very few mummies had healthy teeth but cavities were rare. Obsessive about personal hygiene, the ancient Egyptians used natron as a cleansing agent for the mouth. They also chewed on reeds to cleanse and massage the teeth and gums.
Dentistry in medical history
Published in Marshall Joseph Becker, Jean MacIntosh Turfa, The Etruscans and the History of Dentistry, 2017
Marshall Joseph Becker, Jean MacIntosh Turfa
A study by E. J. Neiburger (2000) of the dentition of burials at the Mesopotamian cities of Ur (home of Abraham) and Kish from the period c.2000 bce showed poor dental health, a characteristic of many agrarian people. Neiburger found that 95 percent of the people had experienced dental attrition (tooth loss) in life, but only 42 percent suffered periodontal disease. His suggestion that only 2 percent showed dental caries reveals a faulty methodology, as attrition was certainly a function of dental decay. Total population size for this study was not provided. Mesopotamian urban populations were rather homogeneous, with dental decay probably equally common among the elite as well as common folk. Neiburger’s somewhat casual research showed that many individuals lived with congenital or neoplastic (cancerous) lesions in their mouths, and some had TMJ dysfunctions. This would seem to be a fertile field for the practice of dentistry, but effective treatments were, of course, absent.
Biocultural Perspectives on Health and Disease
Published in Debra L. Martin, Anna J. Osterholtz, Bodies and Lives in Ancient America, 2015
Debra L. Martin, Anna J. Osterholtz
Several dental pathologies are of interest in reconstructing past lived experience. These are dental wear (attrition), carious lesions (cavities), and antemortem tooth loss, in addition to LEHs (discussed earlier). Dental wear is a general term referring to the loss of the occlusal or chewing surface of teeth and to the interproximal surface between teeth. Wear may be divided into two components, dental attrition, due to direct tooth-on-tooth contact, and dental abrasion, due to the introduction of foreign matter.
Influence of cement dust exposure on periodontal health of occupational workers
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohamed F. A. Elagib, I. A. Ghandour, Manar E. Abdel Rahman, Sara M. H. Baldo, Abubakr M. Idris
When considering the number of shifts as a factor of length of working hours, statistical significant differences were observed using IRR as an indicator. For one shift, CAL IRR was 1.30 and the TW IRR was 1.94. For two or three shifts, the CAL IRR was 0.86 and the TW IRR was 1.47. The combined CAL IRR was 1.24, while the combined TW IRR was 1.88. These results showed that the presence of CAL and TW are proportional to the number of shifts as indicator for working hours. These results are comparable with previous studies those reported long working hours were associated with periodontitis among Korean workers in an exposure-response manner (Lee et al.2017). The results is also going with (Solanki et al.2014) who reported that a highly significant relationship was observed between the years of working experience and dental attrition among stone mine workers. In contrast, Dembe (2005) addressed that job schedules with long working hours were not more risky merely because they are concentrated in inherently hazardous industries or occupations, or because people working long hours spent more total time “at risk” for a work injury. Cengiz et al. (2018) stated the overall prevalence of periodontal disease that was 96.2%, which was assessed by considering subjects that scored 1–4 of Community Periodontal Index scores, whereas only 3.8% were classified as healthy those scored CPI of zero. Furthermore, Zaitsu et al. (2017) reported that a significantly higher proportion of night workers had decayed teeth.
Sex-specific reference values for the crown heights of permanent anterior teeth and canines for assessing tooth wear
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Paula Roca-Obis, Ona Rius-Bonet, Carla Zamora-Olave, Eva Willaert, Jordi Martinez-Gomis
Tooth wear is the cumulative surface loss of mineralized tooth substance due to physical or chemo-physical processes. Typical causes are acid exposure (dental erosion), tooth-to-tooth contact (dental attrition) or wear by objects other than teeth (dental abrasion) [1]. The prevalence of severe tooth wear increases from 3% at the age of 20 years to 17% at the age of 70 years [2]. Because it will have irreversible effects on the dentition, it is important to detect tooth wear early and to implement prevention by counselling and monitoring so that restorative treatment can be avoided [3–5].
The Genes Involved in Dentinogenesis
Published in Organogenesis, 2022
Shuang Chen, Han Xie, Shouliang Zhao, Shuai Wang, Xiaoling Wei, Shangfeng Liu
The dentin organic matrix is secreted by odontoblasts during dentinogenesis and mineralized in the predentin area.149 In dental attrition, hardened molds and highly mineralized layers were detected in sclerotic dentin. During the process of sclerotic dentin formation and long-term aging, the MMP content in dentin changes.150 The process of dentinogenesis is similar to bone formation and many genes are involved in both processes.