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COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
TCM employs traditional aromatherapy as preventive measures for people who are uninfected but exposed to virus. Herb sachets containing herbs like Atractylodes lancea, Artemisia argyi (silver wormwood) and Phellodendron amurense (amur cork tree) are used for aromatherapy and have proved to impart significant protection against viral diseases [41].
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Berberine is found in the stems, roots, rhizomes, and bark of berberis species such as berberis (Berberis aquifolium, also known as Oregon grape), barberry (Berberis vulgaris), and tree turmeric (Berberis aristata), from which its name is derived. However, it is also found in plants of other genera such as the Californian poppy (Eschscholzia californica), prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana), yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima), Chinese goldthread (Coptis chinensis), goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and phellodendron (Phellodendron amurense, also known as the Amur cork tree).
Efficacy, Safety, and Toxicological Aspects of Nutraceuticals
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Jayvadan K. Patel, Anita Patel
Concerning the photochemical, substantial attempt has been made to search for naturally arising compounds that may possibly helpful in the management of cancer (Kwon et al. 2007). Nexrutine is a commercially available herbal extract from the Phellodendron amurense. Isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and flavone glycosides are active constituents of nexrutine. A latest investigation discovered that nexrutine prevented the proliferation of lung and prostate cancer cells via the modulation of signal pathways mediated by Akt and cAMP response element binding; furthermore, its antiproliferative capabilities are analogous to those of berberine (James et al. 2011). In the mouse prostate model, nexrutine was found to be effectual against the initial stage of prostate tumor growth in addition to tumor succession in transgenic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, a recent study performed of stage II mouse skin tumorigenesis model demonstrated that nexrutine prevented the progress of skin tumorigenesis (Kumar et al. 2012). The similar group supplementary stated an antitumor effect in a tumorigenesis model of rat liver (Alam et al. 2015). In mice, only single dose of nexrutine before the use of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) considerably reduced TPA-induced skin edema, hyperplasia, incorporation of thymidine, and activity of ornithine decarboxylase (Kumar et al. 2012).
Modified Zhibai Dihuang pill alleviated urinary tract infection induced by extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli in rats by regulating biofilm formation
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Kaifa Chen, Yongsheng Zhu, Hongwei Su, Hao Jiang, Xin Liu
The MZD used in this study was prepared by experts of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, conformed with the compatibility principle, and was prepared uniformly by the pharmacy department of the hospital. Briefly, MZD is the fusion of Chinese classical prescriptions Zhibai Dihuang Pill and Bazheng Powder, including 15 g Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Rutaceae), 10 g Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), 10 g Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (Zingiberaceae), 12 g Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Convolvulaceae), 15 g Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae), 12 g Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae), 12 g Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae), 12 g Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis (Rubiaceae), 20 g Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae), 15 g Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. (Polyporaceae), 12 g Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Asteraceae), 10 g Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) and 12 g Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae). Water was added to the MZD mixture at a 10:1 ratio (water: plant material, v/w). After 30 min of soaking in water, the plant material was boiled twice for 1 h each and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated to 3.33 g/mL using a rotary evaporator (RF02C, Shanghai Kangsheng Industrial Co., Ltd., China) and stored at 4 °C until use.
Research progress on antiviral constituents in traditional Chinese medicines and their mechanisms of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
More than 100 alkaloids have been found in Banlangen by now, such as quinazolone alkaloids, indole alkaloids, quinoline alkaloids, and so on (Xi et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2020b). Epigoitrin, a natural alkaloid from Banlangen, can prevent influenza virus infection by reducing the susceptibility of the host under stress. Researchers found that epigoitrin reduces susceptibility to H1N1 virus and proinflammatory cytokine production in stress-stressed mice to reduce pneumonia, and maintains MAVs antiviral signalling to ensure IFN-β production after H1N1 infection (Luo et al. 2019). Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloids with extensive pharmacological activities including antidiarrhea, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties and was found in several medicinal plants, such as Coptis chinensis Franch. (Ranunculaceae) root (Huanglian), Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Rutaceae) root (Huangbai) (Joshi et al. 2011; Samadi et al. 2020; Olleik et al. 2020; Yang et al. 2020). Berberine is a novel antiviral drug and therapeutic candidate for targeting different steps of viral life cycle and it can intercalate into DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis and reverse transcriptase activity. Berberine has the ability to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This may occur through the inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling pathway, the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the inhibition of NK-κB (Warowicka et al. 2020). In addition, berberine supports the host's immune response, which leads to virus clearance (Han et al. 2020).
Pharmacokinetic interaction between rhynchopylline and pellodendrine via CYP450 enzymes and P-gp
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Qingzhen Meng, Yongheng Cheng, Cui Zhou
Phellodendrine is an important characteristic ingredient of Phellodendron amurense and contains two phenolic groups. In a previous study, pellodendrine was suggested to act as an immunosuppressor to relieve cell immune response (Mori et al. 1995). The antitumor activity of pellodendrine has also been reported in pancreatic cancer, and it also has an anti-inflammatory effect to treat ulcerative colitis and nephritic (Hattori et al. 1992; Thu et al. 2019; Su et al. 2021).