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Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
Clays have antiphlogistic properties and have been used in therapy since time immemorial. The best-known clays are bentonites, a type of smectite, and kaolin, a kaolinite compound. Kaolin can be applied to skin lesions, with calming effects, as long as it is kept moist, applying a gauze moistened in thermal water interposed between the affected area and the clay plaster. Otherwise, drying is more difficult to remove and can cause discomfort. Green clay from France (Montmorillonite) is also used for its calming and bactericidal properties; in fact, there are experiences in thermal centers where a decrease in skin irritation caused by chemotherapy treatments has been observed, although more studies are needed to confirm these first impressions. For use in caring for cancer patients, these must be of high purity, with the guarantee that they do not have heavy metals that can be harmful [45].
Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
He et al. (2014) found that kaolinite had no effect on the survival of the phage MS2. Nevertheless, further studies investigated the phage MS2 and Qβ removal in various clay minerals and clay-amended soils (Park JA et al. 2015a). The batch experiments in kaolinite, montmorillonite, and bentonite showed that kaolinite was far more effective by the MS2 removal than montmorillonite and bentonite, while the Qβ log removals were far lower than those of MS2 at all the kaolinite contents. In the presence of kaolinite colloids, breakthrough of the phage MS2 occurred concurrently with that of the colloidal particles, and the time taken to reach the peak virus concentration was therefore reduced (Walshe et al. 2010).
Etiology of Geophagia
Published in Anil Gupta, Geophagia, 2019
The use of natural clay has been a custom to alleviate gastrointestinal disturbances like diarrhea and hyperacidity and as a detoxification agent. Carretero (2002) analyzed the native clay of a quarry in Bingerville using modern instrumentation techniques. Carretero (2002) found that a clay mineral called kaolinite was the predominant constituent of clay and described the presence of minerals like copper, zinc, cobalt, and molybdenum, which could be beneficial to humans, and the occurrence of a very low amount of heavy metals like lead and cadmium that are toxic to humans.
Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery using clay-based composites
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Farzaneh Sabbagh, Beom Soo Kim
Kaolinite is a clay mineral with a well-established reputation that is used for artificial bones, drug active excipients, enteritis, dysentery, antibacterial function, diarrhea treatment, and maintenance of hemostasis [16]. Kaolinite, with the formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4 (kaolin), is a 2D aluminosilicate composed of a tetrahedral (SiO4) layer and an octahedral (AlO2(OH)4) layer [58]. It is a unique nanoclay with gaps between the layers. Most active molecules can either be adsorbed on the surface or encapsulated in the interparticle space. The application of kaolinite for drug delivery is related to its surface properties and reactivity. However, compared to montmorillonite, kaolinite has a smaller surface area and lower ion exchange capacity [78].
Clay nanoparticles as pharmaceutical carriers in drug delivery systems
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Jiani Dong, Zeneng Cheng, Songwen Tan, Qubo Zhu
As a representative and well-established clay mineral, kaolinite is used in drug active excipients, artificial bone, antibacterial, hemostatic and enteritis, dysentery, and diarrhea treatment [49]. Kaolinite (Kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) is a two-dimensional aluminosilicate, consisting of octahedral (AlO2(OH)4) layer and tetrahedral (SiO4) layer in a 1:1 ratio(T: O) [50], as is shown in Figure 2 (b). It’s a typical nanoclay container with interstitial space between layers. Most active molecules can be absorbed onto its surface, or encapsulated within its inter-particle spaces. The application of kaolinite in drug delivery is related to its reactivity and surface properties. However, compared with MMT, the kaolinite has lower ion exchange capacity and smaller surface area [51,52]. Therefore, the modifications of kaolinite by intercalation, thermochemical treatment, and chemical activation will enhance the interaction between drug molecules and kaolinite [53,54].
Ocular Permeation and Sustained Anti-inflammatory Activity of Dexamethasone from Kaolin Nanodispersion Hydrogel System
Published in Current Eye Research, 2018
Arunima Pramanik, Rudra Narayan Sahoo, Ashirbad Nanda, Rajaram Mohapatra, Ranveer Singh, Subrata Mallick
The diffractogram of the pure drug revealed the characteristic peaks at 14.23, 15.24, 15.74, 16.98, 18.61, and 22.83° (2θ) with corresponding interplanar distances of 6.22, 5.81, 5.62, 5.22, 4.76, and 3.89 Å respectively (Figure 1B). These sharp peaks with high intensity of DXA confirmed crystalline nature of DXA. Kaolin showed characteristic intensity peaks of kaolinite at 12.31, 24.91, and 31.7747 with corresponding interplanar distances of 7.18, 3.57, and 2.81, respectively. The diffractogram of HPMC showed a halo-patterned broad peak from ~7 to ~32.38 indicated amorphous nature. High intensity reflection of characteristic peaks of dexamethasone crystal has resulted drastically reduced ordering of the crystal lattice in the X-ray diffraction pattern of all the films. Triethanolamine-plasticized-HPMC matrix system contributed a major role in the considerable inhibition of drug crystal development in the film formulation.48 Significantly reduced ordering in the X-ray diffractogram of the films signified the existence of the drug in micro- and nano-crystalline form or almost in amorphous form in the solid–solid solution of HPMC.