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Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Acute diarrhea usually requires no specific therapy other than ensuring adequate hydration. When antidiarrheal therapy is necessary, the combination of kaolin and pectin (Kaopectate) may be safely used. If this first-line treatment fails indicating the need for a stronger regimen, opioid-like preparations may be used (Box 12.5). However, narcotic preparations should not be used chronically in pregnant women, and first trimester use of opioids should be avoided.
Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Kaolinosis - kaolin or china clay deposits are found in the South West of England (in Devon and Cornwall) in the USA, etc. Kaolin is a non-fibrous aluminium silicate; it is inactive chemically and is insoluble in water. When washed free from granite (in which it occurs) a wet fat-like substance is produced, which may be used for making pottery, in cement, paint, glossy paper and for some pharmaceuticals. Inhalation may occur with transporting, bagging or the milling of dried kaolin, as well as in china clay and pottery workers.
Epidemiology of Geophagia
Published in Anil Gupta, Geophagia, 2019
In a description by Grigsby (2013), it was stated that few publications are available citing the consumption of kaolin by humans. Grigsby (2013) further suggested that it exists in natural deposits in a large amount around the city of Sandersville. While it is a pica material, kaolin is nevertheless an important compound with high adsorptive potential and is an ingredient in the medicine used for diarrhea (Grigsby 2013). In the article, Grigsby (2013) stated that though its ingestion is considered an aberrant behavior, it is frequent among African American women, and its use in pregnancy has been communicated by family members or friends. An academically relevant fact is that consumption of kaolin has been popular among individuals who undergo routine dialysis, as reported by Grigsby (2013).
Thrombelastography (TEG® 6s) early amplitudes predict maximum amplitude in severely injured trauma patients
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Martin Vigstedt, Kjersti Baksaas-Aasen, Hanne H. Henriksen, Marc Maegele, Simon Stanworth, Nicole P. Juffermans, Knut M. Kolstadbråten, Pål A. Naess, Karim Brohi, Christine Gaarder, Jakob Stensballe, Pär I. Johansson
The median TMA (from reaction time) was 20 min for Kaolin TEG® and 21 min for RapidTEG®, suggesting that the time saved by implementing early amplitudes in treatment algorithms is clinically relevant. With A5, the median time from test initiation to possible hemostatic intervention was reduced from 26 to 11 min with Kaolin TEG® and from 22 to 6 min with RapidTEG®. For TEG® FF, the median TMA was 12 min, suggesting that less time can be saved with A5 and A10 in this assay. In a previous study, we found that the median TMA in moderately injured trauma patients (median ISS: 17) was 21 min for Kaolin TEG® and 17 min for RapidTEG® [11]. The slightly longer RapidTEG® TMA in the present cohort may be due to the higher injury severity and thus more severe coagulopathy. Interestingly, the same was not seen with Kaolin TEG®.
Clay nanoparticles as pharmaceutical carriers in drug delivery systems
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Jiani Dong, Zeneng Cheng, Songwen Tan, Qubo Zhu
In another case, Reddy et al [56]. designed the sodium alginate (SA)/gelatin (GE) microbeads-intercalated with Kaolin nanoclay for sustained release of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Using FTIR(fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and SEM, they observed that the drug-loaded SA/GE/Kaolin microbeads showed rough microspheres with some wrinkles on the surface. The addition of kaolin increased its roughness; and as the polymer matrix molecules migrated to the negative charge of Kaolin, a porous structure was formed. In vitro release experiments indicated that the drug was released more slowly as the Kaolin concentration increased. On this basis, kaolin intercalation microbeads show great potential in emerging drug delivery systems.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy enhances blood coagulation perioperatively evaluated by thromboelastography: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Mari Tuovila, Tiina Erkinaro, Heikki Takala, Eeva-Riitta Savolainen, Päivi Laurila, Pasi Ohtonen, Tero Ala-Kokko
The TEG analyses were performed according to manufacturer’s guidelines by a single trained study nurse or by the first author both experienced in TEG analytics. Citrated blood samples were stored at room temperature and analyzed 30 min after collection. The samples were recalcified before analyses and kaolin was used as an initiator in each test. Two computerized TEG® analyzers (TEG 5000 Thromboelastograph® Hemostasis System, Haemonetics Corporation, Niles, USA) with four separate channels were used. The TEG analyzers were calibrated and tested regularly.