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Complementary and alternative medicine †
Published in Gary Chan Kok Yew, Health Law and Medical Ethics in Singapore, 2020
Malay healing practices are said to emphasise harmony between mental, physical and spiritual spheres.159 Traditional Malay healers are the main providers of Malay medicine. They include pawang, a shaman of magic who may conduct rituals and divination ceremonies, dukun/bomoh, a general practitioner who treats fevers, headaches and other ailments, and bidan or midwives.160 Apart from this, women at home traditionally often brewed their own herbal remedies known as jamu.161 Today, jamu is also commercially produced and sold in various forms including ointments, oils, tonics or compresses for external use as well as powders, tablets, pills, tonics and capsules.162 Traditional Malay healers may recommend unprocessed herbal medications, spiritual treatments, or traditional Malay massage, among others.163
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) v. Steenis
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Elin Yulinah Sukandar, Dhyan Kusuma Ayuningtyas
The dried leaves can be bought for 50,000–150,000 IDR (US$3.50–$10.50) per kg in Indonesia. The yield of ethanol extract varied between 15%–20% of dried leaves. Anredera cordifolia was commonly marketed in dried extract form, which was formulated into a capsule in Indonesia. The capsule was mostly packed into a bottle contained 30–120 capsules for a certain duration of treatment, usually from 2 weeks to 2 months, depends on the posology. The price varied considerably, because Indonesia has divided the herbal medicine into three categories. The first is jamu, an herbal medicine with its efficacy claimed empirically; the second is a standardised herbal medicine with its efficacy claim proven in preclinical study and its raw material standardised; and the third is fitofarmaka, the efficacy of which is proven by clinical study. Jamu is considered cheapest because it does not need to fund any scientific research, but it still lacks the backing of efficacy and safety data to convince the populace.
Clinical trial of Jamu X on blood glucosa and HbA1C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Published in Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty, Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
Z. Ikawati, M. Eko Cahyanto, N.R. Sholehah, N. Atikah
Jamu is Indonesian traditional herbal medicine that has been practiced for many centuries to maintain good health and to treat diseases. The Indonesian government divides the preparation of medicinal plants into three categories, those are jamu, standardized herbal medicines, and phytomedicines. Most of the biological activities of the herbal medicine are based on empirical data, so more research is needed to scientifically prove the efficacy and to ensure the safety (Woerdenbag et al. 2014).
Risk characterisation of constituents present in jamu to promote its safe use
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Suparmi Suparmi, Dasep Wahidin, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
Jamu is the collective name for a traditional medicine system from Indonesia. The therapeutic effects are mainly based on empirical data, passed down across generations, while the standardisation of the level of their active ingredients is not required (BPOM-RI 2004a). Jamu preparations are generally formulated from selected and mixed botanicals usually from whole, fragmented or cut plants, or parts of plants. In 2019, jamu was recognised by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture as part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage (Suprana 2019). Jamu is widespread in Indonesian and global markets, being easily accessible to consumers via supermarkets, drugstores, natural health/food stores, herbal shops, and gyms while there are also ample possibilities to purchase these products via the internet. The easy accessibility of the products without a need for prescription and the trend of consumers to favour natural products also stimulate the use of herbal based jamu. The market demand for jamu keeps growing, and as a result jamu increasingly provides economic and perceived clinical benefits.
Sauropus brevipes ethanol extract negatively regulates inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro by targeting Src, Syk and IRAK1
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Ji Hye Kim, Jae Gwang Park, Yo Han Hong, Kon Kuk Shin, Jin Kyeong Kim, Young-Dong Kim, Ki Dong Yoon, Kyung-Hee Kim, Byong Chul Yoo, Gi-Ho Sung, Jae Youl Cho
The genus Sauropus (Phyllanthaceae) consists of 40 species which are mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, Malaysia and Australia. Of these, S. androgynous L. Merr., which is an ingredient of Jamu, has traditionally been used for treating genito-urinary diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as for enhancement of breast milk production and eyesight (Zhang et al. 2020). Jamu is a traditional Indonesian medicine consisting of natural ingredients such as roots, bark, flowers, seeds, leaves and fruits (Woerdenbag and Kayser 2014). Leaves of S. androgynous contain phytochemicals such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, ascorbic acids and tannins (Singh et al. 2011). In addition, S. androgynous has a high content of flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, luteolin and apigenin (Arif 2020). It has been reported that ethanol, methanol or aqueous extracts of S. androgynus have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro (Eng Khoo et al. 2015), and these pharmacological properties are thought to be due to bioactive phytochemicals. The anti-inflammatory properties of S. rostratus Miq. have also been reported (Zhen et al. 2013). S. brevipes has been used to treat diarrhoea in a decoction, but no literature reports the pharmacological activity of this plant. Therefore, this study investigates the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of action of S. brevipes ethanol extract (Sb-EE) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, LPS-induced peritonitis mice and HCl/EtOH-triggered gastritis mice.
The role of pharmacists in the pharmaceutical care of asthma patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: the patients’ views
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2020
Christianus Heru Setiawan, Aris Widayati, Dita Maria Virginia, Carol Armour, Bandana Saini
Indonesia, of course, has a rich tradition of herbal medicine use, with more than thousand plant species in the highly biodiverse ecosystem considered as medicinal plants (Jamu). There are several plants/plant parts specifically recommended for asthma (or rather breathlessness) in this humoral-based medicine system (32). Within these herbal systems, there are blurred boundaries between “dietary products” and “medicinal products”; sociologists suggest that this tradition is strongly entrenched in the social psyche where attention to everyday behavior such as interaction with relatives and friends, and composition of meals enact a role in treatment regimens. Previous studies have reported that up to two-thirds of people in a locality may use Jamu in a self-treatment model. Affordability and familiarity with this medicinal system have been cited as reasons for heavy reliance on Jamu-based treatments. Unfortunately, Indonesian habits in taking assumed curing alternative medications could also be dangerous for asthma control. In some families, the use of Jamu may be initiated as a way to deal with barriers in obtaining conventional medication or when people are dubious about conventional medications (33). Therefore, it is important to take into consideration patient’s beliefs about alternative medicine systems in order to support their asthma-related health goals. Enhancing awareness about the effectiveness of conventional medicine use in asthma and testing health care models that include both conventional and traditional medicine systems would be important future pathways (34).