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Medicinal Plants of China Focusing on Tibet and Surrounding Regions
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Jiangqun Jin, Chunlin Long, Edward J. Kennelly
Distribution:Glycyrrhiza uralensisis native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is distributed in Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and Xinjiang provinces of China, and Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan. China’s main export countries of licorice are Japan, Korea, Germany, Thailand, and the Netherlands.
Potential of Herbal Extracts and Bioactive Compounds for Human Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care, 2020
Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Chellam Balasundaram
Several medicinal plants inhibit virus replication and boost the immune system against opportunistic infections due to HIV/AIDS [514, 701]. Traditional healers have been practicing some medicinal herbs to control HIV [432, 635, 639, 644]. Medicinal herbal products offer an attractive alternative medicine to HIV or anti-HIV drug target for the mode of attachment, entry, and influence replication [111, 530, 598, 703, 899, 1096]. The anti-HIV plant active compounds have diverse chemical structures, e.g., the efficacy of glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been studied in patients with AIDS [344, 404]. An earlier study revealed that Moringa oleifera powder supplementation strengthens the immune system for patients suffering from HIV infection [116]. Number of plant-based bioactive compounds (such as: tannins, flavones, alkaloids, polysaccha-rides lignans, coumarins, and terpenes) have shown anti-viral activity [213, 278, 382, 617, 682, 845, 887, 963]. Therefore, such plants can serve as useful sources leading to the discovery of novel anti-HIV compounds (Appendix 1.3).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Glycyrrhiza, or licorice, is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, glabra, and inflata. Glycyrrhizin is the principal phytochemical in licorice root and makes up roughly 20% of licorice root extract.1 Aside from glycyrrhizin, the Glycyrrhiza species also contain various triterpene saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and other phenolics. Among these are glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, licoflavonol, licoricone, gancaonin, glabrone, glabridin, glycycoumarin, and others. The Glycyrrhiza have been shown to have a number of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects.2
Inhibition by components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of 3CLpro and HCoV-OC43 proliferation
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Jang Hoon Kim, Yea-In Park, Mok Hur, Woo Tae Park, Youn-Ho Moon, Yun-Chan Huh, Tae IL Kim, Min Hye Kang, Jong Seong Kang, Chong Woon Cho, Junsoo Park
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) belongs to the Leguminosae family, and its rhizomes are used as herbal medicines.1 The main components of this plant include glycyrrhizin (a triterpenoid saponin) and other polyphenols (liquritin, liquirtin apioside, isoliqurititin aposide, licoisoflavone A, and glycyrol).2,3 Glycyrrhizin, an FDA-approved natural sweetening compound, has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities.4,5 Licochalcone A, isoliquiritigen, and liquiritigenin at 20 µM increase UCP1 expression, thereby promoting 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.6 Moreover, several polyphenols at 10 µM increase Nrf2 expression; inhibit tyrosinase and PTP1B activity; and suppress NO production, NF-κB transcription, and the proliferation of HepG2, SW480, A549, and MCF7 cancer cells.7
Isoliquiritin modulates ferroptosis via NF-κB signaling inhibition and alleviates doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Jiguo Wang, Yang Li, Jing Zhang, Changguo Luo
Isoliquiritin (Iso), a type of flavonoid glycoside, is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis [13]. Extensive studies have revealed that Iso has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-neurotoxicity [14], anti-fungus [15], pro-angiogenesis [16], analgesia [17], and anti-depression [18]. Moreover, the underlying suppressive effect of Iso on various tumors has also been reported. Shi et al. [13] show that the ethanol extract of Radix Glycyrrhizae, including the main four ingredients (isoliquiritin, oleanolic acid, licochalcone A, and glycyrrhetinic acid) inhibits cell growth and induces cell apoptosis in gastric cancer. Ohno et al. [19] report the tumor specificity of ten licorice flavonoids on the four human oral carcinoma with the highest tumor specificity of isoliquiritin. Another study documents that isoliquiritin promotes the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells [20]. Furthermore, the extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., of which isoliquiritin is one of the major components, alleviate cardiac failure caused by Dox through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by the attenuation of aggravated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level [21]. Based on these previous studies, we speculated that Iso might ameliorate the progress of BC via the regulation of ferroptosis.
In vitro characterization of glycyrol metabolites in human liver microsomes using HR-resolution MS spectrometer coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Younah Kim, Riya Shrestha, Sunjoo Kim, Jeong Ah Kim, Jaeick Lee, Tae Cheon Jeong, Ju-Hyun Kim, Sangkyu Lee
Glycyrol is one of the components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract which in turn is a component used in botanical dietary supplements and as complementary medicine. G. uralensis (Leguminosae) has been used as a sweetener and herbal treatment in oriental medicine because of its anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-ulcer, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects (Adianti et al., 2014; Shin et al., 2008; Xu & Kim, 2014). Glycyrol is a coumestan derivative, isolated from G. uralensis, that has been demonstrated to exert apoptosis-induced antitumor activity (Shin et al., 2011; Xu & Kim, 2014). Moreover, the therapeutic effect of glycyrol on autoimmune and inflammatory reactions was reported in collagen-induced arthritis in mice, a model for rheumatoid arthritis in man (Fu et al., 2014). The immunosuppressive effect of glycyrol was investigated because of observed inhibitory effects on calcineurin activity, IL-2 production, and T lymphocytes. Therefore, glycyrol serves as a promising novel immunomodulatory drug (Li et al., 2010). Moreover, glycyrol was demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-hepatitis C virus effects as a primary component of G. uralensis (Adianti et al., 2014; Shin et al., 2008; Tanaka et al., 2001). Recently, the selective inhibitory effects of glycyrol on the human CYP activities has been reported in previous studies (Kim et al., 2016; Qiao et al., 2014). Glycyrol inhibits CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation at the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1.3 and 16.1 µM, respectively.