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Evaluation and Investigation of Pituitary Disease
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
ADH deficiency leads to the production of large volumes of inappropriately dilute urine. This results in compensatory polydipsia, urinary frequency, nocturia, and enuresis. A 24-hr urine collection is performed to confirm excessive urine volume (>50 mL/kg/day) and low osmolality (<300 mOsmol/L). A water deprivation test, with close monitoring of plasma and urinary sodium and osmolalities, will confirm the inability to appropriately concentrate the urine in severe diabetes insipidus (DI).
Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Brain and Spinal Tumors
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Ralph Salloum, Katherine Baum, Melissa Gerstle, Helen Spoudeas, Susan R. Rose
Symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, and nocturia or enuresis suggest DI.41 Screening can be done with an 8–12-hour water-deprived/overnight urinalysis and failure of the urine to concentrate when serum is concentrated. Urine-specific gravity in DI is usually quite low despite dehydration. Serum osmolarity rises and plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone are inappropriately low. A water deprivation test is needed to establish the diagnosis.33,41
Replacement therapy in adult hypopituitarism
Published in Philip E. Harris, Pierre-Marc G. Bouloux, Endocrinology in Clinical Practice, 2014
Anna G. Nilsson, Gudmundur Johannsson
The diagnosis of DI in a patient with polyuria and polydipsia requires documentation of elevated levels of serum sodium and osmolality and low urine osmolality. In some instances, the criteria are met without formal water deprivation, such as in the clinical setting of a large pituitary tumor with multiple pituitary insufficiency. In these instances, a therapeutic trial of desmo-pressin (1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin) is all that is required. In other instances, particularly in patients with partial DI, water deprivation test (Box 5.6) is needed. The test should be done in a controlled setting where blood pressure and clinical status can be monitored because patients with complete AVP deficiency may become dehydrated quickly.
A novel contrast-induced acute kidney injury mouse model based on low-osmolar contrast medium
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Jiajia Wu, Jianxiao Shen, Wanpeng Wang, Na Jiang, Haijiao Jin, Xiajing Che, Zhaohui Ni, Yan Fang, Shan Mou
The length in hours of water deprivation was approved by the ethics committee of Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University. All animals were bred in a climate-controlled room and had ad libitum access to food after injection until the study finished. In addition, all mice, except 2 mice in 72 h water deprivation + furosemide injection + LOCM administration group, were alive through the whole study. 24 h after all treatment in each group, blood was sampled from eyeball of mice after anesthesia, which make the mice comatose. We use cervical dislocation as an euthanasia method, then quickly cut the chest with cardiac perfusion involves intravenous administration of 50 mL PBS through the mice left atrial appendage, combined with kidney excision and renal capsule removing. Blood clotted for a minimum of 30 min, and then was centrifugated at 2000 g for 10 min to collect serum. The kidneys were also harvested for the future cell apoptosis detection and tissue staining assays.
Expression of estrogen receptor alpha in response to stress and estrogen antagonist tamoxifen in the shell gland of Gallus gallus domesticus: involvement of anti-oxidant system and estrogen
Published in Stress, 2021
Mukesh Kumar Niranjan, Raj Kumar Koiri, Rashmi Srivastava
In addition, tamoxifen is also known to have a different mechanism which is estrogen receptor independent to modulate oxidative stress. Therefore, the study also emphasizes the effect of stress on anti-oxidant system to understand its involvement with estrogen. Since MDA is the direct product of lipid peroxidation so increase in MDA after WD reflects the extent of cell damage by free radicals (Yuan, Nanduri, Khan, Semenza, & Prabhakar, 2008). MDA may destruct cell membrane structure, cause DNA fragmentation, rearrangement, cross-linking, and accelerate apoptosis (Surapaneni & Venkataramana, 2007). TM administration inhibited the peroxidation of lipid substrates either given alone or followed by 2 days of water deprivation (Obata & Kubota, 2001; Thangaraju, Vijayalakshimi, & Sachdanandam, 1994; Wiseman, Cannon, Arnstein, & Halliwell, 1993). Water deprivation increases lipid mobilization and oxidation in the brain, ovary, and shell gland. Further, administration of TM decreases MDA because tamoxifen readily crosses the blood brain barrier and creates deficiency of estrogen and further a decrease in the expression of antioxidants (Strehlow et al., 2003; Surapaneni & Venkataramana, 2007). Moreover, tamoxifen and its metabolites ameliorate lipid peroxide formation as well as antioxidant enzymes which in turn reduce lipid peroxidation in tamoxifen treated group (Wiseman, Laughton, Arnstein, Cannon, & Halliwell, 1990). It suggests that lipid peroxides formed under water deprivation can be partially counteracted by tamoxifen.
Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia for Uncooperative Pediatric Outpatients in the Treatment of Ankyloglossia: A Retrospective Study of 137 Cases
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Medical informed consent for surgery and anesthesia was obtained prior to the procedure from their parents or guardians. Preoperative assessments were conducted by an anesthetist and an operator. No surgical contraindications were found. Patients fasted for 6–8 hours with water deprivation for 4 hours prior to surgery. Anesthesia was induced by rapid intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg propofol and followed by 8% sevoflurane inhalation, and was maintained by inhalation of 2%–3% sevoflurane continuously with nasal cannula, which was sealed with 3M application in bilateral nostrils. Respiration was spontaneous throughout. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP), and peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored continuously. The patients were maintained in the recumbent position with regular disinfection. Local infiltration anesthesia with 2% lidocaine was applied before the procedure. The tongue was pull outward to stain the lingual frenulum, and the center of lingual frenulum was horizontally cut with scissors and interruptedly sutured.