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Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Without a history of inadequate intake or a predisposing condition, vitamin E deficiency is unlikely. In the event of deficiency, recommended doses of oral vitamin E range from 200 to 2000 mg/d; however, this is dependent on the underlying causative disease as follows:1,8Chronic cholestasis: 15–25 IU/kg per dayCystic fibrosis: 5–10 IU/kg per dayShort-bowel syndrome: 200–3600 IU per dayIsolated vitamin E deficiency: 800–3600 IU per day
Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Vitamin E is another essential nutrient. If caloric intake is adequate, vitamin E deficiency is extremely rare. The frequency of birth defects was not increased among 322 infants whose mothers took vitamin E during organogenesis (Kallen, 2019).
Chronic Liver Disease
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Julia M. Boster, Kelly A. Klaczkiewicz, Shikha S. Sundaram
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that plays a role in the health of the nervous system, retina, and skeletal muscle. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to neurologic impairment, characterized by hyporeflexia, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and proximal muscle weakness. Vitamin E deficiency can be assessed by the serum vitamin E level. Vitamin E, however, circulates in lipoproteins, and as such can be falsely elevated in cholestasis. Therefore, ideally a vitamin E to total lipid ratio (α-tocopherol:total lipid) should be used in children with cholestasis to screen for deficiency, with a ratio of <0.6 mg/g in children <1 year of age and <0.8 mg/g in children >1 year of age indicating deficiency. Alternatively, an α-tocopherol:cholesterol ratio has been proposed, with a cutoff of <2.47 mg/g indicating deficiency.
Role of Vitamin E in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Anna Markowska, Michał Antoszczak, Janina Markowska, Adam Huczyński
Nevertheless, it should be noted that the conclusions resulting from research on the anticancer effect of vitamin E are inconclusive. While some studies show the extremely promising effect of vitamin E on cancer cells (lower vitamin E intake/nutritional status, or vitamin E supplementation to be associated with increased or decreased cancer risk, respectively), others provide quite the opposite conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to perform extensive research, including extensive and well-controlled clinical trials taking into account, inter alia, the type of vitamin E analog used (tocopherols vs. tocotrienols), vitamin E isoforms (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-), duration of use (prediagnosis vs. post-diagnosis) or the duration of treatment, to unequivocally validate the obtained results. It seems that the most advantageous solution would be the use of vitamin E as an optional adjuvant supporting the action of known cytostatics. However, this requires further research and strict control of vitamin E levels in the blood, as vitamin E deficiency is harmful to the body, but excess vitamins can also lead to unwanted and unfavorable side effects.
Effects of select dietary supplements on the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Nafiseh Shokri-Mashhadi, Maryam Kazemi, Saeed Saadat, Sajjad Moradi
Our results in this review indicated that vitamin E supplementation might have a protective effect against viral RTIs [34,46,48,57]. Of note, the primary vitamin E supplementation source used in the reviewed studies was alpha-tocopherol, and participants were 65 years and older. Vitamin E has been proposed as a potent anti-inflammatory and immune regulator agent [96,97]. Numerous animal and human models revealed that vitamin E deficiency is associated with lower antibody status and impairs cell‐mediated immune functions [98,99]. In healthy individuals, vitamin E supplementation with a dose of 800 IU/day for eight weeks has been shown to reduce the expression of several cytokines, particularly monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [100]. Likewise, after the 12-week vitamin E supplementation with a dose of 400 IU/day, the gene expression of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was down-regulated in healthy women [101]. Short-term supplementation with high doses of dietary vitamin E leads to an increased CD4/CD8 ratio in chronic inflammatory conditions [102].
Mechanistic links between vitamin deficiencies and diabetes mellitus: a review
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Tajudeen O. Yahaya, AbdulRahman B. Yusuf, Jamilu K. Danjuma, Bello M. Usman, Yahaya M. Ishiaku
The findings of many studies suggest that vitamin E supplementation can effectively normalize blood glucose levels. In a study that monitored the effects of oral insulin and vitamin E supplementation on some type 1 and 2 diabetic patients, the patients who were on vitamin E supplementation showed better glycemic control and a slower progression of diabetic complications [81]. Tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation reduces hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle damage through regulation of insulin signaling and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice [82]. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 clinical trials involving 2102 individuals, vitamin E supplementation (≥ 700 mg/day) significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and insulin resistance [83]. The mechanistic links between vitamin E deficiency and DM are summarized in Figure 7.