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Chicken Eggs and Human Health
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Jonathan Merkle, Christopher Bailey, Kevin Ruff
The importance of protein, especially for athletes, has been gaining momentum in recent years. A position stand by the International Society of Sports Nutrition recognized not only that athletes engaging in regular physical training have increased dietary protein needs compared to sedentary individuals, but that dietary protein intake as high as 1.4–2.0 kg/day may support adaptations to exercise training.52 The committee also noted there were no concerns in healthy active individuals that this level of protein intake would present any issues relating to kidney or bone health.52
Carbohydrate supplementation
Published in Jay R Hoffman, Dietary Supplementation in Sport and Exercise, 2019
Parker N Hyde, Richard A LaFountain, Carl M Maresh
Evidence from the late 1800s supports the close relationship between training and diet on performance (65). In the 1920s it was recorded that blood glucose concentration was decreased following the Boston marathon (50), and low blood glucose was associated with syncope and symptoms following successful completion of the marathon (25). Conventional wisdom and scientific investigation throughout the twentieth century supported requisite carbohydrate intake for success in sport and exercise. Much of the early research surrounding carbohydrate intake for athletes set the stage for growth in fields such as exercise science and sport nutrition. Additionally, carbohydrate replenishment/fuelling products were developed to aid athlete performance outcomes. Dramatic growth in the middle to late twentieth century was, in part, fuelled by scientists and researchers that investigated glycogen utilization, carbohydrate intake and athletic performance. This section will provide a brief synopsis of carbohydrate supplement research history.
Functional Foods
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Kamesh Venkatakrishnan, Chin-Kun Wang
Sports nutrition is a field of study dealing with proper training and a sensible approach to nutrition (diet plan) to ensure the maximum benefits regarding athletic performance, body composition and optimal health and wellness (Fink, 2017). It is impossible to recommend a single diet plan for all athletes; it varies in each individual and the type of sport. However, following the planned diet pattern (eating regularly, especially breakfast, with a balanced diet and plenty of water/electrolytes) with regular training could considerably improve sports performance. Therefore, it is essential for all members of the athlete’s team, especially the trainer/coach/sports nutritionist, to have a good knowledge about different diets (nutrients or supplements) and their metabolic properties to ensure the maximum return from training (to enhance performance). The types of food and their route of administration, as well as the timing of nutrient intake to avoid gastric discomfort, are crucial for athletes to get the maximum benefits. In addition, athletes must know the factors (lack of nutrients or electrolytes) that contribute to muscle weakness/soreness or fatigue, which result in reduced performance. Hence, a proper nutritional regimen with an appropriate scheduled exercise program is the key to success, resulting in enhanced performance and function (Eberle, 2018).
Associations Between Health Status, Training Level, Motivations for Exercise, and Supplement Use Among Recreational Runners
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
Julie Ann Ulery, Bridget F. Melton, Helen Bland, Amy Jo Riggs
Due to potential health concerns and financial investment in dietary supplements, supplement use in the more common adult, recreational runners deserve attention and investigation by fitness professionals, healthcare practitioners, and nutrition experts. Some dietary supplements can be expensive with limited evidential support for the purported benefit or derived results (Maughan et al. 2018b). However, The International Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2018 (Maughan et al. 2018a), the International Olympic Committee (Kerksick et al. 2018), and the International Society of Sports Nutrition (Maughan et al. 2018a) offer professionals a guide to supplements and foods that have sufficient evidence to help athletes and active individuals potentially achieve optimized athletic performance. Therefore, health and fitness professionals should familiarize themselves with these resources to appropriately guide clients and patients in their decisions to purchase and consume dietary supplements.
Nutritional Intake and Energy Availability of Collegiate Distance Runners
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Brooke L. Beermann, Deborah G. Lee, Hawley C. Almstedt, William P. McCormack
Strengths of this study include analysis of male and female athletes, with specific focus on a homogenous group of collegiate athletes within a narrow age range. Further, comparison to current dietary standards and needs established for athletes contributes valuable information to the literature in the field of sports nutrition. There was an attempt to increase accuracy of EA calculation by analyzing results with BFLM and FFM. A major limitation of this research is the error associated with self-reported dietary intake. Self-reported data may convey lower than actual caloric intake, which would directly influence the macro- and micronutrient intake. Research in sports nutrition of collegiate distance runners could be improved by examining timing of nutrient intake throughout the day and in relation to intensity of training and length of workouts. Further improvements in this work, would assess whether athletes were trying to, or needed to, make changes in dietary intake to alter body composition and thereby improve performance.
Assessing the nutrition knowledge of professional female Australian football (AFLW) athletes
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2020
Sarah L. Jenner, Brooke L. Devlin, Adrienne K. Forsyth, Regina Belski
Dietary intakes of female AF athletes do not align with sports nutrition recommendations for energy and/or carbohydrate for high intensity sport (i.e. 40–70 kcal day−1 and 6–10 g·kg−1·day−1, respectively) (Kerksick et al. 2018; Condo et al. 2019; Jenner et al. 2019b). A recent systematic review revealed team sport athletes in general also do not meet recommendations for carbohydrate (Jenner et al. 2019a). The importance of athletes meeting energy and carbohydrate recommendations to optimise training and performance outcomes is well established in the literature (Burke et al. 2011; Escalante 2016; Kerksick et al. 2018; Mountjoy et al. 2018). Inadequate dietary intake is associated with lower athletic performance and negative physiological effects including; reduced bone mineral density and hormonal imbalances (Escalante 2016).