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Antimicrobial Preservative Efficacy and Microbial Content Testing*
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Scott V.W. Sutton, Philip A. Geis
One effective general neutralizing medium is Dey–Engley. It contains sodium thioglycollate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium bisulfite, lecithin, and Polysorbate neutralizing agents (41,42,45) and is available in broth and agar preparations. Some common diluting fluids are in the USP XXII: diluting fluid A with 0.1% meat peptone, diluting fluid D with meat peptone plus Polysorbate 80, and diluting fluid K with meat peptone, Polysorbate 80, and beef extract. Another variant on this broth has been described for use in membrane filtration testing (88).
Food Additives
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
For example, annatto (E160b, a natural color ingredient found in margarine, Cheshire cheese, smoked fish, and cakes) and tartrazine (a sulfonated dye, E102) have been shown to induce allergic-type reactions in some people. The co-presence of preservative sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate (E212) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300) in soft drinks may lead to the formation of carcinogenic benzene. Preservatives sodium nitrite (E250) and sodium nitrate (E251) used in processed cured meats (e.g., ham and bacon) may be converted into nitrosamines in the stomach, which increase the risk of colorectal cancer in humans. In addition, the preservatives sulfites (e.g., sodium bisulfite [E222], sodium metabisulfite [E223], and potassium bisulfite [E228]) found in wine, beer, and dried fruit may trigger asthmatic episodes and cause migraines in some people. In Australia, about 50 of the 400 currently approved additives have been linked to adverse reactions in people.
Ethylene Formation from Methionine and its Analogs
Published in Robert A. Greenwald, CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
The only commercial supplier of KMB that I have found is Sigma Chemical Co. It is listed in their catalog under α-keto-γ-methiolbutyric acid, sodium salt (catalog number K 6000). Methional is also available from Sigma under the name methional, or from Eastman Chemical or Alfa Chemical under the name 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde. Methional is less expensive than KMB, but beware of its poor solubility in water and permeating odor. Precaution should be taken in storing methional. After breaking the seal on the methional bottle, it is recommended that the tightly capped bottle be placed in a separate container (e.g., a wide-mouth jar with screw cap) and stored in the freezer with sodium bisulfite in the outer container to minimize diffusion of the vile substance throughout the freezer and laboratory. Sodium bisulfite forms a nonvolatile addition product with aldehydes.
Liquid biopsy from research to clinical practice: focus on non-small cell lung cancer
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Umberto Malapelle, Pasquale Pisapia, Alfredo Addeo, Oscar Arrieta, Beatriz Bellosillo, Andres F. Cardona, Massimo Cristofanilli, Diego De Miguel-Perez, Valeria Denninghoff, Ignacio Durán, Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre, Pier Vitale Nuzzo, Ken O’Byrne, Patrick Pauwels, Edward M. Pickering, Luis E. Raez, Alessandro Russo, Maria José Serrano, David R. Gandara, Giancarlo Troncone, Christian Rolfo
Genome-wide methylation is detected mainly by measuring the content of 5mC in the genome [85,95]. Almost all of the cfDNA methylation analysis methods depend on bisulfite sequencing, which transforms non-methylated cytosines to uracils after sodium bisulfite treatment while not altering methylated cytosines [85]. Following DNA sequencing, DNA methylation sites can be detected. Sodium bisulfite treatment would cause a degree of DNA degradation which may lead to loss of some critical information [96]. For example, WGBS-based methods produce the most comprehensive and high-resolution DNA methylome maps, but typically require sequencing to 30× coverage which is still expensive for routine analysis. Additionally, optimized approaches named single-cell reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (scRRBS) and Methylated CpG tandems amplification and sequencing (MCTA-seq) aim at capturing CpG-enriched cfDNA fragments, which would lead to loss of some critical DNA methylation sites, reducing the sensitivity of the methods.
Methylation of Specific CpG Sites in IL-1β and IL1R1 Genes is Affected by Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2020
Naeimeh Roshanzamir, Vahideh Hassan-Zadeh
Four micrograms of DNA was treated with proteinase K (Sinaclon, Iran, MO5421) at 2 μg/μL final concentration and digested with EcoRI, BamHI or HindIII (Sinaclon, Iran) restriction enzymes to yield fragments less than 10 kb. Phenol-chloroform-extracted DNA was incubated with NaOH at 0.2 M final concentration for 30 min at 37°C for DNA denaturation. Each time, sodium bisulfite-hydroquinone solution was freshly prepared by dissolving 0.8 g sodium bisulfite (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, S654-500) in 1.6 mL water, adjusting the pH to 5.1 with 10 M NaOH and adding hydroquinone (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Louis, MO, USA, H9003) at 66 mM final concentration. A volume of 550 μL bisulfite-hydroquinone solution was added to the denatured DNA (50 μL) and incubated for 16 h at 50°C. A cleanup PCR kit (Genall Biotechnology, South Korea, 112–150) was then used to desalt and remove sodium bisulfite. Purified DNA was then treated with 0.3 M NaOH for 15 min at room temperature to complete bisulfite conversion. DNA was then precipitated by adding 100% ethanol, ammonium acetate and glycogen at 0.6 M and 36 ng/μL final concentration, respectively.
Soy Isoflavone Supplementation Increases Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 (LINE-1) Methylation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Laura S. Rozek, Shama Virani, Emily L. Bellile, Jeremy M. G. Taylor, Maureen A. Sartor, Katie R. Zarins, A. Virani, C. Cote, Francis P. Worden, Mark E. Prince Mark, Scott A. McLean, Sonya A. Duffy, George H. Yoo, Nabil F. Saba, Dong M. Shin, Omer Kucuk, Gregory T. Wolf
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were collected from biopsy and surgical resection specimens, and an expert head and neck pathologist (JM) confirmed tumor histology and screened representative blocks for areas of >70% cellularity and minimal necrosis. Only subjects with sufficient tissue and DNA to yield methylation results were included in the analyses. Designated areas of FFPE tissue were microdissected from unstained slides and DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. DNA concentration and purity was measured with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA). Sodium bisulfite treatment was performed on 250 ng of DNA using the EpiTect Bisulfite Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol. Peripheral whole blood samples were collected at time of initiation of soy isoflavone treatment and at time of tumor resection. DNA was extracted using the QIAsymphony Automated DNA extraction system (Qiagen, Valencia CA). Two hundred ng of DNA were bisulfite converted using the EpiTect Bisulfite Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) for methylation analyses.