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Plantago ovata (Isabgol) and Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian Snakeroot)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Ankur Anavkar, Nimisha Patel, Ahmad Ali, Hina Alim
Reserpine is the one of the most used alkaloids and has several therapeutic applications. Over the years, it has been useful in the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases. Reserpine acts as a hypotensive agent by depleting the catecholamine. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is inhibited by rescinnamine (Figure 13.4G) to halt the conversion of angiotensin I, resulting in a decrease of plasma angiotensin II, and then lowering the blood pressure. Thus, both reserpine and rescinnamine act as hypotensive agents (Bunkar, 2017; Malviya and Sason, 2016; Shah et al., 2020). Other alkaloids also have a major role to play in various therapeutic activities of R. serpentina. Ajmaline (Figure 13.4A) is used as a class 1 anti-arrhythmic and useful in diagnosing a hereditary cardiac disorder known as Bruguda syndrome. Ajmalicine (Figure 13.4C) is useful in treatment of circulatory diseases, while serpentine (Figure 13.4J) has antipsychotic properties. Deserpidine (Figure 13.4D) has both hypotensive and antipsychotic behavior; and Yohimbine (Figure 13.4L), being an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, helps to treat erectile dysfunction (Kumari et al., 2013).
Potential of Herbal Extracts and Bioactive Compounds for Human Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care, 2020
Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Chellam Balasundaram
Herbal drug serpentine, derived from Rauwolfia serpentina root in 1953, is used to reduce hypertension and pressure in blood [914] while vinblastine (derived from Catharanthus roseus) is employed to reduce choriocarcinoma, Hodgkins, non-Hodgkins lymphomas, leukemia in children, testicular, and neck cancer [266].
Ethnopharmacological Properties of Some Threatened Medicinal Plants
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Sanjeet Kumar, Padma Mahanti, Gitishree Das, Jayanta Kumar Patra
The plant parts such as roots, leaves, stem, flowers, tubers, fruits, bark, gum or resinous extract are used against different diseases and disorders. When the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus were macerated, and oil was obtained. The oil is used to enhance the memory of abnormal children (Kulkarni et al., 2011). The juice of resin of Gardenia gummifera was used to kill the intestinal worm (Nayak et al., 2011). It was also observed that tuber paste of Gloriosa superba was applied externally to reduce the joint pain among the old age people of tribal communities of Kendujhar (Akhtar, Haqqi, 2012). The tuber juice of this plant is taken for abortion. The bark decoction of Oroxylum indicum is used to treat throat infections (Payne et al., 2013). It was noted that fruits juice of Piper longum is used to cure cough and asthma (Okwu, Nnamdi, 2011). The leaf juice of Pterocarpus marsupium was taken to control diabetes (Liu et al., 2005) and tuber paste of Pueraria tuberosa was used as an emollient paste (Aburjai, Natsheh, 2003). The root paste of Rauvolfia serpentine is used against snake bites (Gomes et al., 2010) and leaves and fruits paste of Scindapsus officinalis is applied to reduce inflammation (Nijveldt et al., 2001).
Melatonin-stimulated biosynthesis of anti-microbial ZnONPs by enhancing bio-reductive prospective in callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus var. Alba
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Hafiza Rida Riaz, Syed Salman Hashmi, Tariq Khan, Christophe Hano, Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h, Bilal Haider Abbasi
Catharanthus (C.) roseus (L.) G. Don var. alba is a medicinally important plant associated with Apocynaceae family. Catharanthus roseus was commonly known as Periwinkle or Madagascar-periwinkle found in various tropical and sub-tropical regions [12]. Catharanthus roseus having two varieties, white-flowered “alba” and pink-flowered “rosea” [13,14]. Catharanthus roseus is an alkaloid rich plant having >400 alkaloids from which >130 are TIAs (terpenoid-indole alkaloids) [15]. Vinca alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine are very popular for their use in cancer treatments [14,16]. Reserpine, serpentine and ajmalicine acts as anti-neuro-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive agents [15,17]. Vindoline, vindolidine and vindolicine are important for anti-diabetic activity [18]. ZnONPs have been synthesized using C. roseus leaves [19]. However, the potential of C. roseus callus cultures for ZnONPs synthesis has not been investigated till date. Catharanthus roseus is a rich source of bioactive agents other than alkaloids, e.g. phenolics, carbohydrates, flavonoids and saponins that help in reduction and stabilization process during NPs synthesis [19,20]. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are responsible for improved content of these bioactive agents in in-vitro cultures [21–23].
Empirical model of mesothelioma potency factors for different mineral fibers based on their chemical composition and dimensionality
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2019
Andrey Korchevskiy, James O. Rasmuson, Eric J. Rasmuson
It is also remarkable that the effect of the iron fraction in the regression model is quite low. Perhaps the role of iron is not based upon iron content in fibers but rather ‘deficiency’ of iron that fibers may create in the cell, attracting iron ions from elsewhere. Ghio et al. (2008) suggested that differences between serpentine and amphibole fibers in oxidative stress and biological effects do not reflect the inclusion of iron in the crystal lattice, but rather larger numbers of surface functional groups (first, silanol) in amphiboles which can mobilize iron from the host. It is possible either or both iron in fibers and extracellular iron may play a mechanistic role in the carcinogenicity process.
Dimensions of elongated mineral particles: a study of more than 570 fibers from more than 90 cases with implications for pathogenicity and classification as asbestiform vs. cleavage fragments
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2019
Victor L. Roggli, Cynthia L. Green
Asbestos has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic respiratory diseases. The term asbestos refers to both serpentine and amphibole minerals. The former includes chrysotile asbestos and the latter includes five amphibole minerals: amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite.1 These minerals occur not only as mineral fibers but also as nonasbestiform varieties. An important area of concern is the distinction of true asbestiform minerals from cleavage fragments derived from the nonasbestiform habit.