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Parenteral Nutrition Components, Admixture and Administration
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Soybean oil is a mixture of mainly unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the most predominant (44%–62%), followed by oleic (19%–30%), palmitic (7%–14%), linolenic (4%–11%) and stearic (1.4%–5.6%) acids. Safflower oil is higher in linoleic acid (77%). Olive oil is mostly comprised of oleic acid (85%). It has a small amount of linoleic acid (4%) and saturated fatty acids (11%). Coconut oil is 65% MCTs. Please see Table 11.6 for more detail on lipid components in oils used for IVFEs.
Role of Eicosanoids in Renal Disease
Published in Robin S. Goldstein, Mechanisms of Injury in Renal Disease and Toxicity, 2020
Numerous investigators have sought to modify eicosanoid production through dietary manipulation and thereby improve renal function. Safflower oil is high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic acid, a precursor of dienoic PGs. Following renal ablation in rats, a diet high in safflower oil attenuated changes in renal function and structure, and reduced mean arterial blood pressure (Barcelli et al., 1982; Heifets et al., 1987). Although a diet rich in linoleic acid resulted in increased renal medullary production of both PGE2 and thromboxane, the increase in PGE2 was greater than that of thromboxane. The PGE2 TxB2 ratio was therefore increased (Barcelli et al., 1982). However, in a second study in which a diet rich in linoleic acid ameliorated renal dysfunction, there was no change in urinary excretion of PGE2 thromboxane, or prostacyclin observed (Heifets et al., 1987).
Selected Botanicals and Plant Products That Lower Blood Glucose (Continued)
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The aim of a study published in the journal Clinical Nutrition was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and safflower oil on glycemia, blood lipids, and inflammation, because the metabolic effects of the quality of dietary intake in people with Type 2 diabetes are not known. The investigators tested the hypothesis that safflower oil will improve glycemic and inflammatory markers in a time-dependent way that follows accumulation of linoleic acid and CLA isomers in the serum of participants supplemented with dietary oils.
Antitumor Effects of Astaxanthin on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by up-Regulation of PPARγ
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Lingling Cui, Zhonglei Li, Fan Xu, Yalan Tian, Tingting Chen, Jiaxin Li, Yingying Guo, Quanjun Lyu
NMBzA (purity ≥ 98.5%) was obtained from Ash Stevens Inc. (Michigan, USA). DMSO was purchased from sigma company (USA). Safflower oil was purchased from COFCO Tayuan Safflower (Xinjiang, China) Co., Ltd. 3% natural AST oil extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis was provided from AST Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hubei, China). Oxidative stress detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Anti-PPARγ, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bax, anti-Caspase-3 and anti-β-actin were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody was purchased from Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) was purchased from VWR International LLC (USA).
Dermal toxicity, dermal irritation, and delayed contact sensitization evaluation of oil body linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion via transdermal drug delivery for wound healing
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Xinxin Lan, Tingting Zhou, Yue Dong, Yuyan Li, Xinyu Liu, Weidong Qiang, Yan Liu, Yongxin Guo, Muhammad Noman, Jing Li, Linna Du, Xiaokun Li, Jing Yang
Oil bodies are easy to separate from oil crop seeds so they are an ideal carrier for producing target protein. This is mainly due to the fact that the oleosin embedded on the surface of oil body can be connected with the foreign protein, making the foreign protein to express efficiently27,28. Overexpression of oleosin can lead to the decrease of oil body particle size29,30. We noticed that the particle size of OBEME was smaller than that of natural oil body. This is more conducive to transdermal absorption of OBEME. Tso et al. fed rats with high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil, and found that high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil did not produce toxic effects31. The safflower oil in seeds consists of 95% triacylglycerol and 1–4% phospholipids, while the safflower oil body is mainly composed of triacylglycerol and phospholipid monolayer and related proteins. Therefore, it is considered safe and non-toxic. In addition, OBEME is made up of 60% safflower oil body and 0.4% xanthan gum, all of which are safely edible substances.
Dietary fish oil, and to a lesser extent the fat-1 transgene, increases astrocyte activation in response to intracerebroventricular amyloid-β 1–40 in mice
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Kathryn E. Hopperton, Nicholas C. E James, Dana Mohammad, Maha Irfan, Richard P. Bazinet
All procedures were undertaken in accordance with the Guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care under the supervision of the University of Toronto Animal Care Committee (2015/16 protocol #20011376). Animals were housed under controlled conditions with ad libitum access to food and water. Mice were fed one of two modified AIN-93G rodent diets. The safflower oil (SO; D04092701; Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA) diet contained 10% w/w SO, while the fish oil (FO; D04092702; Research Diets Inc., New Brunswich, NJ, USA) diet contained 8% SO and 2% menhaden oil. The SO diet contains 71% linoleic, 16% oleic, 8% palmitic, and 3% stearic acids as a percent of fatty acids, while the FO diet contains 60% linoleic, 14% oleic, 10% palmitic, 3% myristic, 2.6% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1.5% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as described previously.20