China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Parenteral Nutrition Components, Admixture and Administration
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Soybean oil is a mixture of mainly unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the most predominant (44%–62%), followed by oleic (19%–30%), palmitic (7%–14%), linolenic (4%–11%) and stearic (1.4%–5.6%) acids. Safflower oil is higher in linoleic acid (77%). Olive oil is mostly comprised of oleic acid (85%). It has a small amount of linoleic acid (4%) and saturated fatty acids (11%). Coconut oil is 65% MCTs. Please see Table 11.6 for more detail on lipid components in oils used for IVFEs.
Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is the name of a group of eight different molecules that exhibit the antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol. The main source of vitamin E in the diet is vegetable oils, especially safflower and sunflower oils (Traber, 2006). Vitamin E is lipid-soluble and, like carotenoids, does not tend to leach out during processing, especially in those unit operations such as washing and blanching, which require the product to be immersed in water. Alpha-tocopherol levels actually increase immediately after blanching which may be explained by increased availability to the assay due to rupture of cell wall materials and remain relatively constant during frozen storage (Bouzari et al., 2015b). However, more severe heat processing, such as the conditions found in canning operations, seems to decrease levels of alpha-tocopherol to their fresh counterparts. For instance, alpha-tocopherol levels decreased by as much as 15%–20% during canning of tomato paste and asparagus compared to their fresh versions, whereas no decreases were detected in canned spinach or sweet potatoes (Rickman, Bruhn, et al., 2007). Conversely, alpha-tocopherol is well preserved in fruits and vegetables during freezing.
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Carthamus tinctorius belongs to family Asteraceae, and is an annual herb that grows 30–150 cm tall. The plant is called safflower in English and is mainly cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Each flower possesses unique globular flower heads in yellow, orange, or red colour. The individual branch bears one to five flower heads containing 15–20 seeds per head (Anjani 2010). The chemical groups found on C. tinctorius are oils, proteins, minerals, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, serotonin, steroids, polysaccharides, quinochalcone C-glycosides and cartormin predominantly (Ali 2015). Figure 15.10 contains a few chemical compounds of C. tinctorius.
Metabolomics reveals the effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on neurogenesis and axon regeneration after experimental traumatic brain injury
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
En Hu, Teng Li, Zhilin Li, Hong Su, Qiuju Yan, Lei Wang, Haigang Li, Wei Zhang, Tao Tang, Yang Wang
HSYA is derived from safflower, an oral-administered herb (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission 2020). A previous study shows that orally-delivered HSYA can be absorbed through the gut and detected in the plasma (Tian et al. 2010). Besides, HSYA can also pass through the injured blood–brain barrier of post-TBI patients (Sheng et al. 2020). In our recent study, oral administration of HSYA effectively improves neurological deficits after TBI (Li et al. 2021). Thus, we treated rats with HSYA orally in this study. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition, the effective dose of safflower is 10 g per day for adults weighing 70 kg, and the required concentration of HSAY in safflower is higher than 1% (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission 2020). Therefore, we adopted 13.88 mg/kg in our study. This dose has been reported as effective in TBI treatment (Li et al. 2021). Based on this dose, we found that HSYA alleviated post-TBI neurobehaviour deficits and microstructure abnormalities in the subacute stage. It agrees with the effects of HSYA on acute TBI (Li et al. 2021), vascular dementia (Xing et al. 2016) and ischemic stroke (Yu et al. 2018).
Antitumor Effects of Astaxanthin on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by up-Regulation of PPARγ
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Lingling Cui, Zhonglei Li, Fan Xu, Yalan Tian, Tingting Chen, Jiaxin Li, Yingying Guo, Quanjun Lyu
NMBzA (purity ≥ 98.5%) was obtained from Ash Stevens Inc. (Michigan, USA). DMSO was purchased from sigma company (USA). Safflower oil was purchased from COFCO Tayuan Safflower (Xinjiang, China) Co., Ltd. 3% natural AST oil extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis was provided from AST Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hubei, China). Oxidative stress detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Anti-PPARγ, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bax, anti-Caspase-3 and anti-β-actin were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody was purchased from Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) was purchased from VWR International LLC (USA).
Dermal toxicity, dermal irritation, and delayed contact sensitization evaluation of oil body linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion via transdermal drug delivery for wound healing
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Xinxin Lan, Tingting Zhou, Yue Dong, Yuyan Li, Xinyu Liu, Weidong Qiang, Yan Liu, Yongxin Guo, Muhammad Noman, Jing Li, Linna Du, Xiaokun Li, Jing Yang
Oil bodies are easy to separate from oil crop seeds so they are an ideal carrier for producing target protein. This is mainly due to the fact that the oleosin embedded on the surface of oil body can be connected with the foreign protein, making the foreign protein to express efficiently27,28. Overexpression of oleosin can lead to the decrease of oil body particle size29,30. We noticed that the particle size of OBEME was smaller than that of natural oil body. This is more conducive to transdermal absorption of OBEME. Tso et al. fed rats with high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil, and found that high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil did not produce toxic effects31. The safflower oil in seeds consists of 95% triacylglycerol and 1–4% phospholipids, while the safflower oil body is mainly composed of triacylglycerol and phospholipid monolayer and related proteins. Therefore, it is considered safe and non-toxic. In addition, OBEME is made up of 60% safflower oil body and 0.4% xanthan gum, all of which are safely edible substances.