China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
B-Group Vitamin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, María del Milagro Teran, Luiz Henrique Groto Garutti, Ana Clara Candelaria Cucik, Susana Marta Isay Saad, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco, Jean Guy LeBlanc
Vitamin B2, or riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to a group of yellow and fluorescent pigments named flavins, which are organic compounds that have the isoalloxazine tricyclic ring. In addition, this vitamin has a ribitol chain, which is a reduced ribose. Riboflavin is also the precursor of two co-enzymes, namely FMN (Flavin mononucleotide, or Riboflavin-5’-phosphate) and FAD (Flavin-Adenine dinucleotide), both of which are essential to the cell respiratory functions and have roles in cellular growth and development, and in the metabolism of fats and steroids (Ball 2004).
Peripheral Mechanisms of Mammalian Sweet Taste
Published in Robert H. Cagan, Neural Mechanisms in Taste, 2020
William Jakinovich, Dorothy Sugarman
In human psychophysical experiments, Moskowitz21,22 used magnitude estimation to test ten polyols in an attempt to find a relationship between concentration, molecular structure, and sweet taste perception. While his data did not reflect any overall structure-activity relationships, he did find glycerol to be the least sweet compound tested, a finding which agrees with the gerbil data. In addition, examination of these studies revealed some unusual variations in the responses to some compounds. For example, Moskowitz unknowingly made comparisons between responses to adonitol (presumably purchased from Nutritional Biochemical) and d-ribitol (presumably purchased from Sigma Chemical Co.). Actually, these two are the same compound and should have produced the same psychophysical results, but they did not. This might be due to the use of impure sugars. Also observed in these papers was extreme variation in the values for k (intercept of power function). For example, glycerol had a k of 5.2 in the first paper and 11.53 in the second, while dulcitol had a k of 10.8 in the first paper and 4.43 in the second. Perhaps, were these experiments repeated carefully, we might see the same similarities in species responses.
Laboratory Diagnostic Tests in the Evaluation of Fever
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Antibodies to ribitol teichoic acid (a cell wall constituent of Gram-positive cocci) have been demonstrated in over 95% of patients with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus.4 The test, which employs counterimmune electrophoresis, has a high rate of false positives; a negative assay does not reliably rule out the diagnosis. High titers are also encountered in patients with multiple extravascular staphylococcal abscesses and acute osteomyelitis. It may be argued, therefore, that the test is valuable in the detection of major staphylococcal infection requiring prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy — regardless of the precise anatomic diagnosis.
Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Liwei Chen, Tingting Zheng, Yifan Yang, Prem Prashant Chaudhary, Jean Pui Yi Teh, Bobby K. Cheon, Daniela Moses, Stephan C. Schuster, Joergen Schlundt, Jun Li, Patricia L. Conway
Fecal samples were prepared for metabolomics analysis as previous described GC-MS method91,92 with modification. Methanol was added to 250 mg of fecal sample to a final concentration of 200 mg/ml, ribitol (10 ug/ml) was added as an internal standard. Solutions were completely homogenized and then centrifuged at 2530 × g at 10°C for 15 min. A 50 ul aliquot of each extract was dried in an Eppendorf rotary vacuum concentrator and stored at −80°C until derivatization. Derivatization was conducted as follows: methoximation was achieved by adding 40 ul of methoxyamine–HCl (20 mg/ml in pyridine), followed by incubation for 90 min at 30°C with shaking at 1200 rpm. Trimethylsilyl derivatization was carried out by adding 40 ul N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and incubation at 60°C for 45 min. The sample is centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 60 min, and the supernatant was transferred to a glass vial for GC-MS analysis.
Plasma metabolomic patterns in patients with exhaustion disorder
Published in Stress, 2019
Jenny Hadrévi, Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir, Per-Anders Jansson, Jan W Eriksson, Anna Sjörs
Several metabolites connected to the carbohydrate metabolism, that is, gluconic acid, scyllo-inositol, arabitol, 1,5-anhydro-d-glycitol, xylitol and ribitol, were more abundant in the healthy individuals in the fasting condition. This is in accordance with the known reduction in fasting glucose shown in this specific patient group (Sjors et al., 2013), indicating an overall reduction of systemically abundant carbohydrates. A lower catabolism of glucose would also explain the lower abundance of gluconic acid (or gluconate) seen across both conditions. However, in the non-fasting condition, scyllo-inositol, arabitol, xylitol, and ribitol, were instead more abundant in the ED patients.
Budget impact analysis of introducing a non-reconstituted, hexavalent vaccine for pediatric immunization in the United Kingdom
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2020
D. A. R. Mathijssen, M. Heisen, J. F. Clark-Wright, L. J. Wolfson, X. Lu, S. Carrol, B.C.P. van Dijk, S. L. Klijn, B. Alemayehu
The design of the model (Figure 1) means that it is also able to analyze additional scenarios which may be of interest or relevance in other countries such as those exploring healthcare environments where multiple hexavalent vaccine combinations exist or to explore the effectiveness of the Hib component of the vaccines. The argument for different Hib effectiveness is explained by the fact that post dose 1, the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) response percentage differed between recipients of vaccinations with different PRPs as researched by Jackson et al [25]. However, both are not relevant for the UK vaccination program.