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Improved Silymarin Characteristics for Clinical Applications by Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Maryam Tabarzad, Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh, Tahereh Hosseinabadi
In another approach, silymarin nanocomposites were prepared utilizing polyethylene sebacate (PES) as a biodegradable polymer and pullulan surface modification by nanoprecipitation. Hepatoprotective activity of nanoparticles was studied in rat models with induced hepatotoxicity of carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4). Pretreatment of rats with the prepared nanoparticles resulted in reduced levels of SGOT, SGPT, and ALKP compared to CCl4 treated group. Furthermore, better hepatoprotection with nanoparticles was achieved by histopathological evaluation of liver tissues. Pullulan was found to be as hepatic targeting agent due to the significant decrease in levels of SGOT, SGPT in presence of Pullulan in comparison with absence of it (Guhagarkar et al., 2015).
Analytical Testing and Evaluation of Capsules
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
Stuart L. Cantor, Asish K. Dutta
Pullulan is a linear, neutral exopolysaccharide produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. This polymer consists of maltotriose repeating units joined by α-1,6 linkages. The internal glucose units within maltotriose are connected by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The molecular weight for pullulan ranges from 4.5 × 104 to 6.0 × 105 daltons and depends on the growth conditions of the organism. Pullulan is non-hygroscopic and non-reducing, is soluble in hot and cold water but generally insoluble in organic solvents, and has a glass transition temperature of over 150°C [16]. Its unique linkage pattern grants pullulan films several distinctive physical properties such as mucoadhesive ability, the capacity to form fibers and thin biodegradeable films, which are transparent and impermeable to oxygen [43].
Assessing the viability of carbamoylethyl pullulan-g-stearic acid based smart polymeric micelles for tumor targeting of raloxifene
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Sheshank Sethi, Sachin Bhatia, Sunil Kamboj, Ram Sarup Singh, Vikas Rana
Among the smart polymers, pullulan is a microbial polysaccharide that has been widely used in tissue engineering and biological medicine owing to its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In addition, the derivatization of polysaccharides enhances their anti-oxidant activity by attaining higher scavenging effect of the derivative at lower IC50 value [10,11]. However, no attempt has been made to explore the imide derivative of pullulan as a drug carrier in diseased or healthy animal models.
Pullulan based derivatives: synthesis, enhanced physicochemical properties, and applications
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Surendra Agrawal, Divya Budhwani, Pravina Gurjar, Darshan Telange, Vijay Lambole
Pullulan is a highly biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be used as a carrier to deliver macromolecules. It is a water-soluble polymer with hydrophilic properties, making it difficult to encapsulate hydrophobic and charged protein (Bruneel & Schacht, 1994). To overcome this issue, hydrophobic or charged segments were introduced in pullulan. Succinylation results in the incorporation of the carboxylic group into pullulan [Pullulan acetate (PLAc), pullulan propionate (PLPr), and pullulan butylate (PLBu)] by reaction with negatively charged succinic anhydride (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and butyric anhydride) that makes it appropriate for drug delivery of positively charged protein (Niu et al., 2019). As shown in Figure 3, succinylation occurs in the presence of catalyst DMSO (4-dimethylaminopyridine) at 40 °C for 24 h. The preferred site of succinic anhydride in pullulan is C-6. Succinylated pullulan requires activation of COOH group by N,N′-carbonyldiimidazol. The resulting derivative can be coupled with the amine (Bruneel & Schacht, 1994). A microsphere was prepared using SPA (succinylated pullulan acetate) to carry protein. In the microsphere, PLGA [poly(dl-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)] was replaced with SPA and loaded with lysozyme (Lys) as a model protein drug using the double emulsion method. This microsphere resulted in long-term protein stability and three times higher protein loading efficiency. Therefore, protein can be delivered with long-term stability using SPA (Woo et al., 2011). A film to extend the shelf life of fruit was also prepared. They packed strawberries with pullulan acetate film, which showed reduced weight loss percentage and enhanced shelf life of strawberries with its antioxidant property and by exhibiting high water contact angle. This indicated the pullulan as a promising material for the edible coating to extend the shelf life (Niu et al., 2019).
Formulation and optimization for DPP-4 inhibitor nanomicelles using response surface methodology
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Deepika Sharma, Samir Bhargava, Bhavna Kumar
Pullulan is a nonionic polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans. Due to its ideal properties like nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, noncarcinogenic, nonmutagenic, and other functional properties such as adhesiveness, film formability, enzymatically mediated degradability, pullulan has been used extensively for gene delivery, targeted drug therapy and various other biomedical aids [18–20].