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Natural Carotenoids
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Umair Shabbir, Sana Khalid, Munawar Abbas, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
As lycopene has less β-ionone ring, therefore, it shows low provitamin A activity. Provitamin A activity of some primary carotenoids is shown in Figure 6.2. Provitamin A activity is the main function of carotenoids and this vitamin A provides antioxidant property through carotenoids by scavenging singlet oxygen and also by deactivation of free radicals, which shows significant functions in the inhibition of various forms of cancer, macular degeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and eye-related disorders.45
Chemical and Functional Properties of Amazonian Fruits
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Elaine Pessoa, Josilene Lima Serra, Hervé Rogez, Sylvain Darnet
β-Cryptoxanthin is the principal carotenoid present in the fruit, pulp and juice, and represents more than 50% of the total vitamin A content. Other carotenoids found in the pulp are lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and α-carotene. Of these compounds, only α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin have provitamin A activity. The pulp should be considered to be a good source of provitamin A because 100 g provides 37.2% of the RDI for adults (Hamano and Mercadante, 2001; Tiburski et al., 2011).
Potentials and Challenges in the Production of Microalgal Pigments with Reference to Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, and Phycobiliproteins
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Delia B. Rodriguez-Amaya, Iriani R. Maldonade
β-carotene is one of the most investigated food bioactives. Aside from its well-established provitamin A activity, it has been associated with reduced risk for certain types of cancer (e.g., breast, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic cancers) (Aune et al., 2012; Ge et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2016). However, high-dose, long-term supplementation with β-carotene is harmful (higher incidence of lung cancer) to smokers and asbestos workers (ATBC, 1994; Omenn et al., 1996).
Association of Carotenoid Intake with Pulmonary Function
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Of the carotenoids examined in the present study, only α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin exhibit provitamin A activities while the other carotenoids do not. While mechanistic inferences could be drawn from the carotenoid data about the role of vitamin A, no research to date strongly supports this. Using the same linear regression model as in Table 2, retinol intake in this cohort was not positively associated with lung function (data not shown). While chronic vitamin A deficiency is known to be associated with poor lung development and impaired lung function, particularly in children (16), this may not explain the role of these pro-vitamin carotenoids in lung function in middle age adults. Specific research on vitamin A and these specific carotenoids would need to be done to further this novel hypothesis.
Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Malgorzata Tomaszewska, Elzbieta Sarnowska, Natalia Rusetska, Katarzyna Kowalik, Janusz Sierdzinski, Janusz A. Siedlecki, Vladimir Badmaev, Sidney J. Stohs, Mariola Popko
Bioactive vitamin D-1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25VD3) is synthesized in the following manner. The B-ring of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is photolysed under ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation in keratinocytes, the basal cells of the epidermis (14,15). Photolysis leads to the formation of provitamin D15 which is subsequently released into the circulation and transported and distributed by vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). 25-Hydroxylases (encoded by CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 genes) are mitochondrial or microsomal enzymes responsible for the first hydroxylation to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25VD3) in the liver. In the kidneys, 25VD3, which is biologically inactive, is hydroxylated by mitochondrial 1α-hydroxylase (encoded by CYP27B1 gene) into the fully active form of vitamin D, namely, 1,25VD3 (calcitriol) (14,15).
Vitamin D and cardio-metabolic biomarkers: small-scale comparative study between Libyan migrants and resident women in Serbia
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2019
Nevena Vidovic, Fathia Faid, Ana Pantovic, Marina Nikolic, Jasmina Debeljak-Martacic, Milica Zekovic, Jelena Milesevic, Mustafa Mohamed Drah, Manja Zec
Normal distribution of the data was checked by the Shapiro-Wilk test. For normally distributed variables, the independent sample t-test was applied, while Mann-Whitney test was used to compare non-normally distributed variables. Associations of vitamin D status and other analyzed parameters were evaluated by Spearman coefficient of correlation, since vitamin D level did not follow a normal distribution. Literature data point out that age can affect vitamin D status significantly, because studies showed that older individuals are prone to deficiency as they have lower levels of provitamin D3 in the skin and are less efficient in producing the vitamin [31]. Thus, we performed partial Spearman correlation taking into account age as controlling variable, as well as age together with either anthropometric or lipid indices as controlling variables. We employed intention-to-treat protocol for carrying out the analysis. Analyses were performed using the SPSS software (ver. 20.0) and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Normal data are presented as mean (SD) while non-normal as median [interquartile range].