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Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
An excessive intake of food rich in carotenoids such as carrots, tomatoes, can result in a distinct orange-yellow color of the skin, called hypercarotenemia (9, 58). This symptom can be reversed by discontinuing beta-carotene ingestion. Unlike preformed vitamin A, beta-carotene is not known to be teratogenic or lead to reproductive toxicity or birth defect. Carotenes are strong antioxidants. High doses of beta-carotene supplements (20–30 mg/day) or diets with high levels of carotenoid-rich food for long periods are not associated with toxicity (9, 56). However, supplementation with beta-carotene, with or without retinyl palmitate, for five to eight years has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease in current and former male and female smokers and in male current and former smokers occupationally exposed to asbestos (56). In addition, beta-carotene supplements (20 mg daily) were also associated with increased mortality, mainly due to lung cancer and ischemic heart disease (56). In contrast, natural foods (fruits and vegetables) rich in beta-carotene or carotenoids protect against lung cancer and prevent heart disease (56).
Nutraceuticals and Brain Disorders
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Akshada Atul Bakliwal, Vijay Sharadkumar Chudiwal, Swati Gokul Talele
Beta-carotene is the primary wellspring of nutrient and has antioxidant properties which help in avoiding malignant growth and different sicknesses. Among different carotenes, beta-carotene is the most dynamic cell reinforcement. Alpha and beta-carotenes, alongside gamma-carotene and the carotenes, lycopene, and lutein which don’t change over to nutrient An, appear to offer security against lung, colorectal, bosom, uterine, and prostate diseases. Βeta-carotene is the more typical structure and can be found in yellow, orange, and green verdant foods grown from the ground. These can be carrots, spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, broccoli, melon, oranges, and winter squash.
Nutrition: Diet Therapy and Nutritional Supplements
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Beta-carotene is considered safe when it is consumed in food (Table 23.1) as part of a balanced diet. However, high doses of supplements can cause the skin to turn yellow or orange, and can cause increased damage to the body from free radicals.
Association of Serum Carotenoids and Retinoids with Intraprostatic Inflammation in Men without Prostate Cancer or Clinical Indication for Biopsy in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Susan Chadid, Xiaoling Song, Jeannette M. Schenk, Bora Gurel, M. Scott Lucia, Ian M. Thompson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Phyllis J. Goodman, Howard L. Parnes, Scott M. Lippman, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Elizabeth A. Platz
Covariates: At trial entry, men had a clinic visit and completed a questionnaire, which included age, race, smoking history, history of diabetes, and other lifestyle and medical factors. Weight and height were measured by trained staff at study entry, and weight was measured annually. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Participants were asked how physically active (i.e., walking, swimming, dancing, recreational sports) they were in the past four weeks and were classified as sedentary, light, moderate, or active. Serum cholesterol concentration was measured at baseline. Participants were asked to report on frequency of use of multivitamins and single supplements in the past 12 mo. We classified men as regular users of a vitamin A supplement if they reported use at least three times per week. We classified men as daily beta-carotene supplement users if their dose of beta-carotene from any type of supplement was >0 µg/day.
The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidant Capacity in Preventing Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Sedat Arslan, Sibel Kadayifçilar, Gülhan Samur
Nutrition plays a vital role in sustaining a healthy life. Researchers with the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) reported in 2001 that a nutritional supplement called AREDS formulation can reduce the risk of developing advanced AMD. The original AREDS formulation contained vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper (3). A subsequent study completed in 2012, AREDS-2, showed that removing beta-carotene and decreasing the zinc level in the formulation did not exacerbate the AMD progression rate. The study also showed that incorporating beta-carotene in a group of past smokers (who quit at least a year ago) led to a substantially high rate of lung cancer development. Hence, the researchers introduced carotenoids, namely, lutein and zeaxanthin, as substitutes to beta-carotene in the new formulation. Although lutein and zeaxanthin did not further decrease the risk of AMD progression, they were found to be safer and appropriate, especially for former smokers to mitigate the incidence of lung cancer (4).
Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Total Antioxidant Status in Indian Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
Lavanya Parthasarathy, Vaman Khadilkar, Shashi Chiplonkar, Anuradha Khadilkar
Composition of the syrup is given in Table 2. Drawing on the data collected on micronutrient deficiencies in the diets of children with diabetes (Walker, 2007), the dose of supplementation was decided in such a way that the nutrients present in the diet of children with diabetes along with the supplementation approximately equaled the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for the given age and gender according to the Indian RDA (Indian Council of Medical Research, 2009). The micronutrients of interest were those that have antioxidant properties such as zinc, beta carotene, and vitamin C. Thus, the adjustments between the two supplements were based on these micronutrients. The daily average intakes of vitamin C, zinc, and beta carotene through dietary supplement were 92 mg, 3.3 mg, and 1,032 µg, respectively; through syrup (15 ml/day),the values were 120 mg, 3 mg, and 4,500 µg, respectively. (The beta carotene content from vitamin A in the syrup has been back calculated using the formula 1 IU of vitamin A = 0.6 µg of beta carotene; FAO/WHO Expert Group, 1967, September 1965). Intakes of the dietary supplements and syrup were closely monitored by telephone calls and text messages; a recall was taken face to face every 20 days while dispensing the next set of supplements.