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The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Hawthorn extract has been used for centuries for the treatment of hypertension, CHF and other cardiovascular diseases, but the studies are limited and are not convincing of any significant clinical responses [386–390]. A recent four-period crossover design, dose response study of 21 subjects with prehypertension or mild hypertension over 3½ days did not show changes in FMD or BP on standardized extract with 50 mg of oligomeric procyanidin per 250 mg extract with 1,000, 1,500 or 2,500 mg of the extract [386]. Hawthorn showed non-inferiority of ACEI and diuretics in the treatment of 102 patients with NYHC II CHF over 8 weeks [388]. Patients with hypertension and type 2 DM on medications for BP and DM that were randomized to 1,200 mg of hawthorn extract for 16 weeks showed significant reductions in DBP of 2.6 mmHg (p = 0.035) [389]. Thirty-six mildly hypertensive patients administered 500 mg of hawthorn extract for 10 weeks showed a non-significant trend in DBP reduction (p = 0.081) compared to placebo [390]. Hawthorn acts like an ACEI, beta-blockers (BB), CCB and diuretic. More studies are needed to determine the efficacy, long-term effects and dose of hawthorn for the treatment of hypertension.
PerformLyte—A Prodosomed PL425 PEC Phytoceutical-Enriched Electrolyte Supplement—Supports Nutrient Repletion, Healthy Blood pH, Neuromuscular Synergy, Cellular and Metabolic Homeostasis
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Bernard W. Downs, Manashi Bagchi, Bruce S. Morrison, Jeffrey Galvin, Steve Kushner, Debasis Bagchi
Flavonoids (aka “bioflavonoids”) are the most abundant class of phenolic substances in nature.21 Research demonstrates that flavonoids can exert anti-inflammatory benefits by their ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species.22 Flavonoids have also been shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes involved in free radical production, such as cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or inducible nitric oxide synthase,22,23 and to modify intracellular signaling pathways in immune cells,22 or in brain cells after a stroke.24 Procyanidins are a class of flavonoids that have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects, including the modulation of the arachidonic acid cascade, the inhibition of gene transcription and activity of inflammatory enzymes, as well as the secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators.25
Ethnobotanical Survey for Managing Selected Non-Communicable Diseases
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Godwin Ojochogu Adejo, Sunday Ene-Ojo Atawodi, Kingsley Okoyomoh
The bark extracts Erythrophleum suaveolens possess potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.47,90 The constituent responsible for these observable pharmacological activities is procyanidins. The water extract of the bark can be drunk as abortifacients, ecbolics; for arthritis and rheumatism and for treating cutaneous or subcutaneous parasitic infection.90 It is useful in managing dropsy, swellings, oedema, gout, eye problems, febrifuges, and used as laxative.90 The bark and leaf is useful as emetics and for naso-pharyngeal infections. The bark and root is useful in treating leprosy and venereal diseases.90
Areca nut procyanidins prevent ultraviolet light B-induced photoaging via suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinases in mouse skin
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Chia-Ling Weng, Chih-Chiang Chen, Han-Hsing Tsou, Tsung-Yun Liu, Hsiang-Tsui Wang
A myriad of extracts containing polyphenols from plants have major photoprotective effects as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and these extracts control dermal extracellular matrix remodeling (Nichols and Katiyar 2010, Bosch et al.2015). Procyanidins are wildly distributed polyphenolic compounds and have excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity against various types of oxidative stress-induced damage (Yang et al.2018). Grape seed procyanidins have also been reported to induce cellular catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and protect cardiac cells from oxidative stress (Fujii et al.2006, Du et al.2007). A previous study has indicated that procyanidins modulate inflammatory responses in activated macrophages through the inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production, suppression of iNOS expression, and NFkB translocation (Terra et al.2007). Therefore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of procyanidins may be based on an ability to reduce oxidative stress and upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
Screening active components from Rubus amabilis for pancreatic β-cells protection
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Min Sun, Tiantian Zhu, Jinzhi Tong, Rezeng Caidan, Kaijin Wang, Guiqing Kai, Wenna Zhang, Lei Ru, Jiumei Pengcuo, Li Tong
Procyanidins, the water-soluble and fat-soluble compounds, are the most abundant polyphenols found in foods such as fruits, red wine, green tea (Cádiz-Gurrea et al. 2014) and in bark and the seeds of many plants (Luo et al. 2018). Procyanidins arise from flavan-3-ol units, including catechin and epicatechin, and exist in a range of forms (dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and polymers). Based on the manner in which they are linked, the dimers are denoted B1 to B8, and the trimers are denoted C1 to C4. Among all types of procyanidins, the dimers are the most abundant in nature and have stronger antioxidant activities. Procyanidins also have anti-inflammatory (Youn et al. 2017), antioxidant (Luo et al. 2018), and hypoglycaemic properties (Gonzalez-Abuin et al. 2015). Therefore, they are used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases (Goszcz et al. 2017), DM (Gonzalez-Abuin et al. 2015; Ogura et al. 2016), and cancers (Choy et al. 2016). The hypoglycaemic effect of procyanidins is achieved by promoting peripheral glucose uptake, protecting islet β-cells and pancreas function (Pinent et al. 2004; Castell-Auví et al. 2012; Cedó et al. 2013), modulating the secretion of GLP-1 (Yamashita et al. 2013).
Medicinal plants in mitigating electromagnetic radiation-induced neuronal damage: a concise review
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2022
Shamprasad Varija Raghu, Avinash Kundadka Kudva, Golgodu Krishnamurthy Rajanikant, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga
Lotus, scientifically known as Nelumbo nucifera (Figure 1), is an aquatic plant that belongs to the Nelumbonaceae family. It is also known as Sacred Lotus, Chinese water lily, Indian lotus, and Egyptian bean.It is widely grown in several Asian countries, primarily Japan, India, China, and Singapore. The seedpod, flower, leaf, embryo, and roots of the lotus plant have all been used in Chinese traditional medicine (Liu et al. 2016; Mastroiacovo et al. 2015). Several phytochemicals mostly, phenolics and alkaloids, have been isolated from lotus (Limwachiranon et al. 2018; Paudel and Panth 2015). Especially the lotus seedpods are very rich in a particular flavonoid calledB-type procyanidins (Wang et al. 2011). These are oligomericprocyanidins with varying degrees of catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin. It has been shown that the procyanidins have anti-oxidant property, free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation and metal chelation activities (Zhang et al. 2016). The procyanidins are also known to help in learning and memory improvement (Kuriyama et al. 2006; Mastroiacovo et al. 2015).Studies have shown that the oligomericprocyanidins enhance learning and memory in mice (Wu et al. 2013). Oligomeric procyanidins are effective in treating cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer’s disease and aging. Moreover, studies indicate that these oligomers inhibited advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, effectively counteracting the reactive carbonyls by forming adducts (Duan et al. 2013; Ling et al. 2005; Wu et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2004). Thus, phytochemicals derived from lotus, particularly the seedpod, can be used effectively to treat cognitive defects and, as a result, may be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.