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Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products. Clams, liver, and beef are the richest foods in vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is generally not present in plant foods, except algae like spirulina, but fortified breakfast cereals are a readily available source of vitamin B12 with high bioavailability for vegetarians (47). Some nutritional yeast products also contain vitamin B12. Some fermented vegetables can contain vitamin B12 due to the presence of bacteria in these foods. A supplement of vitamin B12 either by tablets or by fortified foods (cereals, soy products) is needed for vegans, especially in pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
Additional Supplements That Support Glycemic Control and Reduce Chronic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Food Sources of Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products. It is generally not present in plant foods, but fortified breakfast cereals are a readily available source with high bioavailability for vegetarians. Small amounts of it can also be found in nutritional yeast products, as well as in some fermented foods (Table 14.1).
Some other groups and circumstances
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
In vegan diets there is no reliable source of vitamin B12. Symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia and the neurological manifestations of vitamin B12 might thus be expected to be prevalent amongst vegans. However, the human requirement for vitamin B12 is extremely small (UK RNI – 1.5 μg/day) and stores of the vitamin in the liver are large and could amount to several years supply in an omnivore. In the UK, many meat and plant-based milk substitutes are fortified with B12 as are some breakfast cereals. Many vegans take B12 supplements. Even in the absence of such alternative dietary sources, cases of clinical B12 deficiency amongst Caucasian vegans are rare. There are indirect sources of B12 even for those who consume no animal products or supplemented foods such as the following: From microorganisms and moulds contaminating plant foods. Insects or insect remains consumed with plant foods. Absorption of vitamin produced endogenously by gut bacteria although most of this is produced below the point of absorption in the ileum and is excreted in faeces. From fermented foods, nutritional yeast or yeast extract spreads. From faecal contamination of seaweed.
Spontaneous motor-behavior abnormalities in two Drosophila models of neurodevelopmental disorders
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2021
David R. Andrew, Mariah E. Moe, Dailu Chen, Judith A. Tello, Rachel L. Doser, William E. Conner, Jaswinder K. Ghuman, Linda L. Restifo
Flies stocks were maintained at room temperature on a nutrient medium (“fly food”) of corn flour, nutritional yeast, and sugars (Elgin & Miller, 1978). Cultures to generate experimental animals were established and maintained for optimal larval density on the same medium in an incubator at 25 °C with 60–80% relative humidity on a 12:12 LD cycle. The null allele, dfmr13, is an internal deletion derived via imprecise excision of the P-element insertion P[EP]3517 (Dockendorff et al., 2002). The stock was originally obtained from T. Jongens (University of Pennsylvania) and maintained in our lab for many years; as in our previous studies (Michel et al., 2004), we refer to this allele as Δ3. A precise-excision allele of P[EP]3517, Ex(3517)–16, referred to as Ex16, was generated in our lab (Michel et al., 2004) to provide a control for genetic background. These two stocks are marked with w1118 on the X-chromosome and have been maintained balanced over TM6C, Tb Sb e, with homozygous experimental animals distinguished from balancer sibs by selecting against Tubby and Stubble. To reduce genetic heterogeneity in our long-maintained Δ3 stock, we performed single-pair matings between balancer heterozygotes (w; Δ3/TM6C, Tb Sb e) and conducted subsequent behavioral experiments on the stock derived from one of those.
A Modified MCT-Based Ketogenic Diet Increases Plasma β-Hydroxybutyrate but Has Less Effect on Fatigue and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis Compared to a Modified Paleolithic Diet: A Waitlist-Controlled, Randomized Pilot Study
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Jennifer E. Lee, Tyler J. Titcomb, Babita Bisht, Linda M. Rubenstein, Rebecca Louison, Terry L. Wahls
The modified Paleolithic diet (Wahls Paleo™ Diet) includes: 1) nine daily recommended servings of vegetables comprised of leafy green vegetables, sulfur rich vegetables, and deeply colored fruits and vegetables; 2) encourages plant and animal protein, seaweed, nutritional yeast, nondairy milks; and 3) excludes gluten-containing grains, eggs, casein (Table 1). This diet is associated with no serious side effects and is feasible to implement in pwMS (12, 13). Modified Paleolithic diet participants were given the Whole Life Nutrition Cookbook (34).