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Common Medicines from Herbs, Minerals and Animal Sources
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Safoof e habis is the compound herbomineral formulation prepared by combining Vateria indica L (raal sufaid), magnesium silicate (hydrated), silicate of alumina and iron oxide. This composition has astringent and styptic properties and has been consumed for many years to manage menorrhagia. Vateria indica L consists of tannin (Fathima & Sultana, 2012), which thickens the proteins in cells and blanches or contracts endothelium of capillaries, therefore decreasing the quantity of blood loss during menstruation (Kennedy et al., 1984). Vateria indica L, silicate of alumina and iron oxide also consist of calcium that assists in preserving the mechanism of hemostasis, while hydrated magnesium silicate increases blood coagulation (Fathima & Sultana, 2012).
Animal Models of Osteopenia or Osteoporosis
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Donald B. Kimmel, Erica L. Moran, Earl R. Bogoch
Minne et al.286 described osteopenia in the rat that develops after subcutaneous injection of nonspecific irritants such as talcum (magnesium silicate) and cotton wool (cellulose), that initiate a chronic inflammation. Eight injections of 400 mg of magnesium silicate suspended in 0.5 ml saline at different subcutaneous sites on the back of female rats of the Chbb Thorn strain created systemic inflammatory responses including loss of body weight, increase in spleen weight, and an increase of cells of myelopoietic origin in bone marrow. A transient decrease in circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was followed by an increase in peripheral blood leukocytes for the duration of the inflammation. In this model of inflammation-induced osteopenia not characterized by arthritis, there is a transient generalized depression of bone formation, measurable as early as three days after injection, due to a decrease in osteoblast function; bone resorption is not increased.287,288 Vitamin D289 and insulin,290 but not salmon calcitonin291 appear osteoprotective. The model has been applied to studies of diabetes-associated osteoporosis.292
Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Sunkaru Touray, Emil Tigas, Nicholas A. Smyrnios
Asbestos-related lung disease is a group of lung diseases caused by exposure to naturally occurring asbestos fibers comprised of magnesium silicate minerals. These fibers have desirable physical properties for industrial use, such as high tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to chemical and thermal degradation, hence their prior extensive use in the construction, automotive, and textile industries.23 Chrysotile (also known as white asbestos) is the most common and only type of asbestos currently used in manufacturing in the United States, while the more toxic amphibole fibers, including crocidolite, amosite, and tremolite are still used in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia.24 Asbestos fibers are highly carcinogenic and are known to cause lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. Asbestos is considered one of the most important occupational carcinogens.24
Thermal energy and tableting effects in benznidazole product: the impacts of industrial processing
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Maria Betânia de Freitas-Marques, Talita Santos do Valle, Bárbara Caroline Rodrigues de Araujo, Rita de Cássia de Oliveira Sebastião, Wagner da Nova Mussel, Maria Irene Yoshida, Christian Fernandes
However, the physical mixture did not exhibit the same behavior. Up to 600 °C, 92% of the tablet and 63% of the physical mixture were decomposed, suggesting higher heat propagation in the tablet and thermal degradation. Particle packing is one of the factors influencing the thermal behavior of pharmaceutical solids, as observed for the powder and compared to the single crystal of antimalarial lumefantrine, data described by Freitas-Marques [7]. For BZN: MS 1:1 w/w (Figure 8(B)), BZN: ST 1:1 w/w (Figure 8(C)), and BZN: LA 1:1 w/w (Figure 8(D)), the thermal behavior indicates the formation of systems with their fingerprints, whose temperatures at the beginning of the decomposition process and fragmentation mechanisms of the molecules follow different kinetics when compared to those of the individual components. This phenomenon was observed unequivocally in the presence of MS (Figure 8(B)), whose binary mixture decomposed after 185 °C, and in LA (Figure 8(D)), with modification of the mass loss profile. In practice, starch does not influence the thermal behavior of BZN (Figure 8(C)) because the physical mixture presents an intermediate thermal behavior for the individual components. The TG curve of TA (Figure 8(E), thin solid line) indicates the high thermal stability of this excipient because there was no mass loss within the range analyzed up to 600 °C. Magnesium silicate (talc component) exhibits a ‘refractory’ effect in the binary mixture, reducing heat propagation and consequent thermal decomposition of BZN (Figure 8(E), dashed line), as previously described for azathioprine, an immunosuppressant drug [6].
Correlative polarizing light and scanning electron microscopy for the assessment of talc in pelvic region lymph nodes
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2019
Sandra A. McDonald, Yuwei Fan, William R. Welch, Daniel W. Cramer, Rebecca C. Stearns, Liam Sheedy, Marshall Katler, John J. Godleski
Figure 4 shows correlative polarizing light microscopy, in situ SEM, and EDX on case 9C from Table 4. Going clockwise from lower left, panel A shows numerous birefringent particles under polarized light microscopy (H&E, 400x) within the macrophages of a left external iliac lymph node. Panel B shows low-power backscattered electron imaging under SEM with several positive particles. Panel C shows an enlarged (cropped) view of the lower right-hand part of panel B. Three particles are labeled – 44, 45, and 46. Panel D shows the spectrum for particle 45, which showed an Mg-Si ratio of 0.643. Particle 44 was also within the 5% of the theoretical value of 0.649 and so was considered talc as well. Particle 46 had an Mg-Si ratio of 0.610, which falls just outside the 0.649 ± 5% range for talc, and so it was considered a nonspecific magnesium silicate.
Minimally invasive palliative interventions in advanced lung cancer
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Christopher Mallow, Margaret Hayes, Roy Semaan, Thomas Smith, Russell Hales, Roy Brower, Lonny Yarmus
Talc or hydrated magnesium silicate has been used since 1935, making it both cheap and readily available. Talc is available in two forms, small-particle and large particle. Small particle talc pleurodesis has been associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 1–9% of patients [69–71], presumed secondary to talc toxicity as smaller particles are more readily absorbed. In a large (N = 558) prospective multicenter cohort study, 558 patients were treated with large particle talc pleurodesis and none of them (0%) developed ARDS [72] although large particle Talc is not currently FDA approved in the United States.