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Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Riyasree Paul, Sourav Kabiraj, Sreejan Manna, Sougata Jana
Mahdavinia et al. have developed κ-CG- and chitosan-based beads for oral delivery of diclofenac sodium. Incorporation of iron oxide magnetic NPs resulted in a decreased swelling ability. At pH 7.4, the maximum diclofenac sodium release was reported around 82% (Mahdavinia et al. 2015). Chitosan and chondroitin sulfate were employed to develop NPs for transdermal application of ketoprofen. The synthesized NPs were incorporated in an emulgel of argan oil. Sustained release of ketoprofen was observed up to 72 hours. A skin permeation study indicated higher permeation of ketoprofen than the marketed gel (Gul et al. 2018). Aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocarriers were developed using glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan and locust bean gum. An increase in locust bean gum percentage decreased the drug entrapment. An in vitro study demonstrated restricted release of aceclofenac in acidic pH (Jana and Sen 2017). Jana et al. investigated the efficacy of chitosan-albumin based NPs for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac. The synthesized NPs were further incorporated into carbopol gel for easy topical application. The drug release study indicated sustained release pattern over 8 hours. A negative zeta potential of -22.10 mV was reported. The ex vivo skin permeation exhibited sustained penetration of aceclofenac through mice skin. Thein vivo study performed in carrageenan injected rats demonstrated higher swelling inhibition of rat paw compared to the marketed gel preparation (Jana et al. 2014).
Polysaccharide-Based Polymers in Cosmetics
Published in E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber, Principles of Polymer Science and Technology in Cosmetics and Personal Care, 1999
E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber
ment that binds lipophilic materials. If the lipophilic materials are water-insoluble, their complex with a cyclodextrin may render them more water-soluble. The size of the lipophilic moiety must fit the interior diameter of the cyclodextrin, such interior measurements being well established. Because of the preponderance of hydroxyl groups, the exterior of the cyclodextrin is hydrophilic, which makes the cyclodextrins, as a class, water-soluble. Although this is a general rule, some cyclodextrins, such as β-cyclodextin, are only moderately water-soluble and must be chemically modified to improve their solubility. Guar/Locust Bean Gum. Guar, or guaran gum as it is sometimes called, and locust bean gum are energy-storage polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of various bean-growing plants . These gums, like starch, are isolated by milling processes. Both guar and locust bean gum are composed of -mannose, as the backbone monosaccharides from which branching -galactose monosaccharides appear intermittently (Fig. 28) (Section III.B.2.b). The ratio of mannose to galactose repeat units varies from approximately 1:2 for guar to 1:3 for locust bean gum depending on the source. The synergistic viscosity enhancement of locust bean gum with xanthan gum was noted earlier (Section III.A.1.d). Commercially, locust bean gum has received limited use in the personal care industry.
Development and optimization of locust bean gum and sodium alginate interpenetrating polymeric network of capecitabine
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Mansi Upadhyay, Sandeep Kumar Reddy Adena, Harsh Vardhan, Sureshwar Pandey, Brahmeshwar Mishra
Sodium alginate (NaAlg) is a natural anionic linear cellulosic polysaccharide. It is isolated from marine brown algae and belongs to the family Phaeophyceae [18]. It is composed of (1, 4)-β-d-mannuronate and (1, 3)-α-l-guluronate sugar subunits where every repeating unit possess carboxylic group with α and β configurations [19]. It can easily be modified and can be cross-linked quickly thus, attracting the interest of the researchers towards the use of sodium alginate for controlled drug delivery. Both these properties strengthen the ionic gel strength, enhance the hydrophobicity of the internal structure of the polymer and improve the biodegradation. Locust Bean Gum (LBG) is a natural hydrocolloid obtained by pressing the endosperms of the seeds of Ceratonia siliqua L. [20]. The blending ratio of galactose to mannose in LBG is 1:4 [21]. It is nonionic, therefore, unaffected by the pH or the ionic strength of the surrounding medium [22]. It is extensively used in the pharmaceutical formulation as a binder, thickening agent, stabilizing agent, and flocculating agent, etc. [23].
Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery using clay-based composites
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Farzaneh Sabbagh, Beom Soo Kim
Locust bean gum significantly improves gel texture and strength of carrageenan [120]. Its exclusive synergistic effect with xanthan gum provides distinct advantages, such as extremely elastic formation of gels from two thickeners, along with very limited syneresis [121]. Locust bean gum can be used in lotions, gels and creams in skin and hair care products. Locust bean gum produces a gel when agar, κ-carrageenan, or xanthan gum is present. The synergistic effect with κ-carrageenan provides significant benefits such as elastic gel texture, syneresis prevention, and gel strengthening [122].