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Order Reovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
As described earlier, Zhao et al. (2011) developed the E. coli bacteria-based assembling protocol to generate VP6 CLPs. The authors used their model as a targeted drug delivery system. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was first covalently conjugated to the VP6 protein. Under appropriate protein concentration and ionic strength, the DOX-VP6 conjugates were self-assembled into the CLPs. Following that, the DOX-loaded CLPs were further linked by lactobionic acid, enabling specific targeting for hepatocytes or hepatoma cells bearing asialoglycoprotein receptors. The in vitro experiment showed that the DOX-VP6 modified by lactobionic acid were internalized specifically by hepatoma cell line HepG2 (Zhao et al. 2011).
Development and Optimization of Preservation Solutions
Published in John J. Lemasters, Constance Oliver, Cell Biology of Trauma, 2020
Recent studies have shown that in some organs the various components of the UW Solution are necessary for successful preservation. HES has been shown to be important in pancreas and heart preservation,26,27 adenosine appears beneficial in kidney preservation28 and regeneration of ATP in cold-stored hepatocytes,29 and glutathione appears essential for long-term liver30 and heart31 preservation. The primary component that gives successful cold storage with the UW Solution, however, appears to be lactobionic acid. Why this is so is not fully known. Lactobionate is effective in suppressing hypothermic-induced cell swelling, and this was thought to be its primary role. However, lactobionate may be effective for other reasons that are currently unclear; replacement with other impermeants does not yield the quality of preservation obtained with lactobionate.
Environmental and Cytotoxicity Risks of Graphene Family Nanomaterials
Published in Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang, Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
The functionalization of GFNs can be accomplished through one of two routes: covalent conjugation or noncovalent physisorption (Liu et al., 2013a; Pan et al., 2012). Unlike the unclear effects of many other GFN parameters, covalent functionalization with compounds such as aliphatic and aromatic amines (Arvidsson et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013a; Singh et al., 2012), amino acids (Liu et al., 2013a), block copolymers (Seo et al., 2011) like pluronic and (Hu et al., 2012) tetronic, in addition to polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Li et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2010a; Yang et al., 2010b), PEGylated poly-l-lysine (PLL) (Zhang et al., 2012), lactobionic acid-polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG) (Wang et al., 2013a), polyethylenimine (PEI) (Wang et al., 2013a), poly(ε-caprolactone) (Wojtoniszak et al., 2012), polyvinyl alcohol (Yang et al., 2011c), amine terminated biomolecules (Liu et al., 2013a), proteins (Lee et al., 2011), silanes (Liu et al., 2013a), enzymes (Liu et al., 2013a), ssDNA (Seo et al., 2011), carboxyl groups (Ou et al., 2016), dextran groups (Sahu et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2011a), and chitosan (Wu et al., 2015) have been widely reported to largely decrease the toxicity and improve the biocompatibility of graphene (Guo and Mei, 2014; Sasidharan et al., 2011). Noncovalent functionalization is often regarded as more versatile than covalent methods of surface modification. This route exploits electrostatic binding, π–π interaction, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions (Liu et al., 2013a; Pan et al., 2012). Multi-functionalization is also an emerging trend. For instance, graphene demonstrated a wide distribution in the zebrafish, but when coated with polylactic acid and fluorescein o-methacrylate for imaging purposes, the functionalized atomic structure did not considerably impact the survival rate of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (Gollavelli and Ling, 2012). Similarly, self-assembled graphene complexes modified with both PEG and anticancer drugs such as curcumin or doxorubicin did not alter the development of zebrafish from the embryo to the larval stages (Park et al., 2017).
Evaluation of the antimicrobial mechanism of biogenic selenium nanoparticles against Pseudomonas fluorescens
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Ying Xu, Ting Zhang, Jiarui Che, Jiajia Yi, Lina Wei, Hongliang Li
Studies have found that Eugenia brejoensis essential oil (Mendes et al. 2018), 3-carene (Shu et al. 2020), aromatic alcohol (Guo et al. 2021), and other essential oils can inhibit the growth of P. fluorescens, but these substances have problems such as the production process is complicated, raw materials are not easy to obtain, production cost is high and their production is hard to scale to produce sufficient quantities. Phytochemicals such as daphnetin (Liu et al. 2020), nobiletin and tangeretin (Yao et al. 2012) also have antimicrobial activity, but they will be affected by temperature, pH, and other factors during the extraction process. The separation and purification process of plantaricin DY4-2 (Lv et al. 2018) is complicated, and some bacteriocins are less stable. Lactobionic acid (Kang et al. 2020) and octyl gallate (Shi et al. 2022) have the advantage of strong antimicrobial activity and low price. However, long-term use and excessive addition of organic acids will bring some hidden dangers to people’s health, meanwhile there are limitations of poor solubility, and the range of use is still very limited.
Galactosylated iron oxide nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability of ceftriaxone
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Muhammad Kawish, Tooba Jabri, Abdelbary Elhissi, Hina Zahid, Kanwal Muhammad Iqbal, Komal Rao, Jasra Gul, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Raza Shah
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is an aldonic acid-derived through oxidation of lactose, showing potential as an excipient in food and pharmaceutical industries. The structure of LBA comprises of galactose moiety linked to gluconic acid via acetal linkage. LBA is a potential carrier for calcium supplements and is used to improve drug transport across biological barriers (Peshin and Kar 2017). The carboxylic moiety of LBA can interact with amine groups of proteins. Besides, the galactose moiety provides target specificity for hepatocellular carcinoma cells, offering enhanced anticancer effect (Craik and Malik 2013; Gerlach et al. 2013). Furthermore, galactose functionalized MNPs facilitates the delivery of hydrophobic drugs at the desired site of action (Liang et al. 2017). Despite the fact that galactose induces site-specificity against carcinoma cells, galactose moiety also exhibits the fastest absorption rate in the intestine, which is mediated through sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1), facilitates Na+-glucose co-transport (Cura and Carruthers 2011). The galactose moiety may give drugs an improved passage of intestinal transport through SGLT1 (Kaas and Craik 2010; Siu et al. 2018).
Targeted delivery of microRNA 146b mimic to hepatocytes by lactosylated PDMAEMA nanoparticles for the treatment of NAFLD
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Shuying He, Weihong Guo, Feihong Deng, Kequan Chen, Yonghong Jiang, Minyu Dong, Liang Peng, Xueqing Chen
2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoly1-b-d-galactopyranoside (X-Gal, Gibco, Breda, Netherlands), sodium 3′-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nirto (benzene sulphonic acid (XTT, Sigma, Bornem, Belgium), N-methyl dibenzopyrazine methylsulphate (NPS, Sigma), glutaraldehyde (Fluka), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PUP, molecular weight 40 KD, sigma). All other chemicals were of analytical grade. 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA, Fluka), N-viny1-pyrrolidone(NVP, Acros), ethoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate (triEGMA, polysciences, Inc. Warrington) and methyl methacrylate (MMA, Acros) were purified by distillation under reduced pressure just before use. Cell culture flasks and microtiter plates were obtained from Falcon. Dulbecco′s Modified Eagles′s Medium (DMEM) and RPMI 1640 and Fetal bovine serum were from Gibco. Lactobionic acid all other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) without further purification. Lipofectamine 3000 were purchased from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY).