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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Vitamin D is needed for calcium metabolism in the body, blood pressure regulation, immune function, and insulin secretion. Low vitamin D status is linked with many chronic disease states and is useful for the prevention of high blood pressure, autoimmune conditions, osteoporosis, and cancer. Evidence from a systematic review of randomized controlled trials suggests that low serum vitamin D may cause NAFLD, in that hypovitaminosis D is associated with the severity and incidence of NAFLD (Hariri and Zohdi 2019). Low vitamin D levels may also increase the risk of developing NAFLD due to the lowered ability to counter inflammation when vitamin D deficiency is present (Barchetta et al. 2011).
Perioperative issues
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Gordon A. G. McKenzie, David J. H. Shipway
Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are very common in the general population. Hypovitaminosis D is seemingly associated with diverse adverse surgical outcomes and may affect post-surgical rehabilitation and fatigue in cancer patients [27,28]. Preoperative vitamin D correction has not yet been proven to improve perioperative outcomes, but has non-surgical benefits in the frail older adult and is therefore recommended [29].
Reducing Aging-associated Risk of Sarcopenia
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Hypovitaminosis D has been defined by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) as a serum 25 (OH) D level of < 15 ng/ml or 37.5 nmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increases with age in Americans, reaching a prevalence of 70% in adults 60 years and older.98 Observational studies have consistently reported an association between reduced 25 (OLT) D levels in community-dwelling adults and chronic musculoskeletal pain (myalgia), low muscle mass and osteopenia on DEXA imaging, reduced upper- and lower-body strength and power, about a fourfold increase in risk of frailty, and increased risk of fall-related injuries.92,96
Role of vitamin D in pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 infection
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Maryam Honardoost, Maryam Ghavideldarestani, Mohammad E. Khamseh
Several health implications are attributed to hypovitaminosis D, including respiratory disorder-related mortality, susceptibility toviral infections, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis (Hughes and Norton 2009, Akhtar 2016, Kheiri et al. 2018). Vitamin D deficiency induces inflammation in epithelial cells, dysregulates the expression levels of over 600 genes and contributes to the development of numerous diseases, including musculoskeletal, and respiratory systems diseases, as well as cancer (Gatera et al. 2018). Several studies have indicated that people with diabetes, CVD, pulmonary diseases and hypertension as well as aged people (all conditions are severe comorbidites in COVID-19) have lower vitamin D concentrations than healthy individuals (Hughes and Norton 2009, Andersen et al. 2015, Mozos and Marginean 2015, Nakashima et al. 2016, Berridge 2017, Kheiri et al. 2018, Grant et al. 2020, Honardoost and Khamseh 2020).
Vitamin D levels in post-acute hip fractured patients and their association with rehabilitation outcomes
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Avital Hershkovitz, Gal Maydan, Ronen Ben Joseph, Ran Nissan
The current and previous studies raise an interesting question as to whether correcting 25(OH)D deficiency will affect rehabilitation and other clinical outcomes. Sprague et al. [48] in a systematic review and meta-analyses found a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in fractured patients and reported that vitamin D supplementation at a range of doses (i.e., 800 to 100,000 IUs) safely increases 25(OH)D serum levels. The authors discovered only one pilot study that demonstrated a trend towards reducing the risk of non-union in long bone fractured patients with vitamin D supplementation. Seng et al. [49] in a retrospective cohort of surgically treated hip fractured patients did not find a significant association between vitamin D deficiency at the time of injury and functional recovery (measured by the modified Barthel index) at discharge, 6 and 12 months after discharge. It should be noted, however, that all patients in this study were given calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Thus, the natural history of vitamin D deficiency on functional outcomes may have been masked.
Disentanglement among vitamins D
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Salvatore Minisola, Viviana De Martino
It is well established that hypovitaminosis D is causally linked to decreased intestinal calcium absorption with secondary compensatory increased parathyroid hormone secretion. This determines increased bone resorption, bone loss, osteoporosis that finally causes an increased fracture risk [2]. Basically, there are two main strategies for correcting hypovitaminosis D: (1) following the discovery in 1919 that sunlight was able to cure rickets, regular exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet B radiation is an inexpensive way to reach vitamin D sufficiency; or (2) following the observation in 1924 that an inactive lipid in the diet and skin could be converted by ultraviolet light into an anti-rachitic substance, increasing the dietary intake of ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol and corresponding 25(OH)D derivatives could be an alternative way. Despite this, for a number of reasons (for which the reader could refer to reference [3]), these strategies are difficult to be followed on a regular basis or difficult to implement as a basic salutary approach by public health authorities.