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Acinetobacter Infections — Overview of Clinical Features
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
Itzchak Levi, Ethan Rubinstein
In general, the underlying disease determines the prognosis of the patient. Previous antibiotic treatment is associated with the selection of resistant strains (Tilley and Roberts, 1994). Some studies show that there is a correlation between vascular catheterisation and Acinetobacter infection (Rolston et al., 1985; Seifert et al., 1993). Beck-Sague et al. (1990) demonstrated an association between A. baumannii bacteraemia and the use of transducers for pressure monitoring. Rotation of the catheter insertion site every 2 days may reduce the risk. Hyperalimentation is another risk factor for bacteraemia (Beck-Sague et al., 1990). Acinetobacter may be found either as a single pathogen or as part of polymicrobial bacteraemia. Prompt attention to sterilisation techniques when handling equipment such as transducers may reduce the infection rate. Appropriate adherence to aseptic protocols is mandatory for vascular catheterisation.
General Principles
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
The availability of a variety of vascular access catheters has created a new dimension in supporting these patients. The surgeon is called upon very often to insert venous or arterial catheters for systemic as well as regional infusion of chemotherapy agents. Venous catheters have been utilized for i.v. hyperalimentation and to sample the patient’s blood without repeated percutaneous venous puncture, especially in those patients with difficult peripheral venous access.
Relationships Between Potassium and Cancer
Published in Maryce M. Jacobs, Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, 2018
Maryce M. Jacobs, Roman J. Pienta
Hyperalimentation provided enterally or parenterally can replete most malnourished cancer patients.65 Rudman et al.66 were able to treat the weight loss of 11 underweight adults whose body weight was less than 85% of ideal by intravenous hyperalimentation. The infusions provided the following amounts of nutrient per kilogram of body weight: 15 g glucose, 0.40 g N, 0.018 g P, 2.4 mEq K, 3.0 mEq Na, 2.3 mEq Cl, 0.5 mEq Mg, 0.45 mEq Ca, and 50 ml water. Patients gained weight at an average weight of 9.0 g/kg. The data showed that the retention of individual elements was not independent of each other. Withdrawal of either N, P, Na, or K impaired or abolished retention of the other elements. Removal of N halted retention of P, K, Na, and Cl; withdrawal of K stopped retention of N and P; withdrawal of N or P interrupted retention of all other elements. Weight gain occurs in one or more body compartments, namely, protoplasm, extracellular fluid, adipose tissue, and bone. Repletion of protoplasm and extracellular fluid in undernourished adults is retarded or abolished if N, P, Na, or K is lacking. Repletion of bone occurs in the absence of N or K, but not in the absence of Na or P. Weight gains during hyperalimentation lacking N, P, K, or Na consisted predominantly of adipose tissue.
Long tunnel external ventricular drain: an adjunct in the management of patients with infection associated hydrocephalus
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Tobin George, Ranjith K. Moorthy, Vedantam Rajshekhar
Based on the principles used to insert hyperalimentation lines (that are retained for long duration), Friedman and Vries31 demonstrated drastic reduction in the rate of infection when EVDs were placed after tunnelling them for a distance of at least 5cm, regardless of the duration they were left in situ. It was postulated that farther the point of skin entry from the site of the entry into the skull,lesser the chance of infection. Khanna et al.3 reported a low rate of infection in a series of 100 patients following insertion of EVDs that were tunnelled and brought out in the chest or upper abdomen. In their series, the average duration of drainage was 18 days with no new infection being recorded in the first 16 days. In another study of 133 patients undergoing 152 procedures for external CSF drainage, 83% of patients with CSF infections had their catheters tunnelled for less than 5 cm while 17% of patients with CSF infections had their catheters tunnelled for more than 5 cm. There was strong inverse correlation between the rate of infection and length for which the catheters were tunnelled.32
Nutrition and Cancercapsaicin Treatment Reduces Tumor Growth, Tumor Cell Proliferation Ex Vivo and Partially Reverses Cancer Cachexia in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Sérgio Ricardo de Brito Bello, Katya Naliwaiko, Mariana Scudeller Vicentini, Francini Xavier Rossetti, Luiz Claudio Fernandes, Iara José de Messias-Reason
One of the most common manifestations of cancer, the cachexia syndrome, is a chronic wasting condition responsible for the increased risk of complications and death of patients whose mechanisms are not yet completely understood. To cure cancer cachexia means to cure cancer; however, this is not an option for most patients. A nutritional modification is a good strategy, but hyperalimentation has provoked disappointing results because it has lead to limited weight gain (28,38). Among several agents that have been used to treat cancer cachexia, few studies in vivo have used capsaicin.
Febrile neutropenia induces changes in insulin sensitivity similar to obesity
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Ivanka Perčić, Ivana Urošević, Edita Stokić, Dragana Tomić Naglić, Ivana Milošević
We performed a prospective study of 30 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia hospitalized for remission induction treatment from February 2012 to the end of 2014 at the Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Centre Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Serbia. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Centre Vojvodina. All participants signed an informed consent. The study included patients with newly diagnosed primary acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis was established by standard bone marrow aspirate examination, and the type of leukemia was classified according to the French – American – British classification [23]. All patients were treated with the same remission induction treatment consisting of cytosine arabinoside for seven days and three days of anthracycline therapy dosed on an actual body surface. Patients with preexisting diabetes, obesity defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, patients whose body weight changed for more than 10% in the last six month before entering the study, patients with a previous malignancy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, women after menopause, patients who died before developing FN, patients taking medication that could have had an impact on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, including corticosteroids, were not included in the study. The control group was made up from of 30 age, and sex matched patients treated for hyperalimentation type of obesity at the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Serbia. Patients with preexisting diabetes, patients whose body weight changed for more than 10% in the last six months before entering the study, women after menopause, patients taking medication that could have had an impact on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, including corticosteroids, were not included in the control group of the study.