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The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Pesticides are used in the production of fruits, vegetables, grain crops, ornamental flowers, and plants, and in some areas of the world also for farm animals (e.g., sheep dipping), which generate diverse exposure scenarios from the frequent, specialized indoor use by skilled workers in confined areas of greenhouses to the less frequent use in outdoor production facilities. The different intensities may be illustrated by the fact that one study demonstrated that the average Danish ornamental greenhouse is treated with pesticides or growth retardants more than 50 times a year compared to conventional farmland, only being treated two to three times a year.4 A frequent use of pesticides will have obvious implications for the possibility of reducing exposure through the use of long reentry intervals.
Lettuce
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
The opalescent sap was also thought to have semen-like qualities and the tradition grew that lettuce was an effective aphrodisiac (Manniche, 1993 p. 112). Lettuce was the favorite food of Min, the Egyptian god of sexuality and fertility, who is depicted with an erect phallus in a relief carving at Thebes. He was also associated with rain and the growth of grain crops. The sacred white bulls of Min were fed lettuce during the harvesttime celebrations (Patrick and Croft, 1987 p. 53).
Plant DNA: Contents and Systematics
Published in S. K. Dutta, DNA Systematics, 2019
That the geographical ranges are determined by the amount of nuclear DNA content has also been comprehensively demonstrated in the case of crop plants. A DNA amount-latitude cline has been shown for cereal grain crops, cultivated pasture grasses, and pulses.20 Furthermore, a clear correlation exists between the latitude of supposed sites of domestication, thereby implying the natural distribution of wild progenitors and DNA amount. This shows that the cline is a natural phenomenon and crop species with increasingly low DNA amounts were selected at successively lower latitudes. This cline has evidently been modified and exaggerated in agriculture later on.
Insight into the evolutionary profile of radio-resistance among insects having intrinsically evolved defence against radiation toxicity
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Jagdish Gopal Paithankar, Tanhaji Sandu Ghodke, Rajashekhar K. Patil
Due to their omnipresence, insect species are causing huge crop loss all over the world. For example, Bactrocera dorsalis (Handel), of order dipteran is a well-known plant pest. The United States Department of Agriculture–Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) reported that fruit fly B. dorsalis, infests on approximately 450 plant species (Dohino et al. 2017). B. dorsalis infests on fruits of the plant, female lay eggs on fruits and leads to huge loss in fruit produce. Insects were reported to consume 5–20% of major grain crops produced all over the world (Deutsch et al. 2018). The agricultural loss caused by insects is also depends on the environmental factors, one such factor is a temperature. The amount of damage to crops due to insect pests was reported to increase along with the increasing environmental temperature. 10–25% increase in loss of total agriculture yield of major grains with 1-degree increase in temperature has been reported (Deutsch et al. 2018). The rise in environmental temperature results in accelerated metabolic rates of insects and consequently rate of food consumption among insects goes up (Deutsch et al. 2018). The increasing environmental temperature causing increased crop loss all over the world therefore, radio-sterilization and disinfestation treatments become significant. Over the years, insects are being treated using IR to protect crops and prevent loss of related agricultural commodities (Hallman and Blackburn 2016). To increase shelf-life of stored food grains, vegetables, fruits and spices radiation treatment was recommended (Arvanitoyannis et al. 2009).
Joint regression modeling of location and scale parameters of the skew t distribution with application in soil chemistry data
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2022
F. Prataviera, A. M. Batista, P. L. Libardi, G. M. Cordeiro, E. M. M. Ortega
In this paper, we study asymmetric regressions considering systematic components for the location and scale parameters simultaneously. The advantages of these regressions are that they can be applied to asymmetric data and data with non-constant variance. We adopt the maximum likelihood method to estimate the parameters of these models and perform hypothesis tests by employing the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimators. Another aspect addressed is the definition of the quantile residuals, whose empirical distribution is close to the standard normal distribution. The proposed regression is illustrated with a real data set on the amount of potassium K in different soil areas defined by six treatments. By the complete model given in Table 7, we verify the presence of significant effects of blocks, treatments and environment. Thus, the final results of the application are that the soil differs from the rhizosphere in relation to the level of K, and different rotation systems also differ in this respect. The treatment 3 is the most suitable due to the greater input of K to the soil. It can therefore be stated that when the recommended K fertilization is performed, grain crops that need K will not present deficiency of this nutrient.
Approach for ergonomic assessment of self-propelled combine harvester seats based on anthropometric body dimensions
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Prabhakar Shukla, C. R. Mehta, K. N. Agrawal, R. R. Potdar, Manoj Kumar, Karan Singh
The percentage of operators whose anthropometric measures matched or mismatched with the dimensions of the selected operators’ seats is presented in Table 4. As per the results, SH is the most important parameter for the design of seats for combine harvester operators and a 100% mismatch was observed for the user population. Similarly, there was a mismatch of 81–96 and 98–100% for SPB and SBH, respectively. These were important parameters for the design of the operators’ seat. Therefore, the results clearly indicated that operators’ seats on self-propelled combine harvesters marketed in India were not comfortable for operators for long duration of operation in the field during harvesting of food grain crops.