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Glucuronolactone
Published in Linda M. Castell, Samantha J. Stear (Nottingham), Louise M. Burke, Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health, 2015
D-glucurono 3-6 lactone or glucuronolactone is a molecule with the following formula: C6H8O6. The biochemical precursor of the glucuronolactone is the glucuronic acid which is involved in the liver metabolism and the glucuronidation process. This process is of utmost importance to eliminate xenobiotics and other natural compounds, making them more water-soluble and thus eliminated through the kidneys or faeces (bile salts). At physiological pH, the glucuronic acid and glucuronolactone remain in an equilibrium state. In animals, with the exception of primates and guinea pigs, glucuronic acid is a precursor of ascorbic acid.
Relationships between use of dietary supplements, caffeine and sensation seeking among college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2019
Caroline R. Mahoney, Grace E. Giles, Christianna S. Williams, Tad T. Brunye, Holly A. Taylor, Robin B. Kanarek, Bernadette P. Marriott, Harris R. Lieberman
Energy drinks are a popular source of caffeine. A recent study reported that over half of college students consume energy drinks,21 which can contain over 500 mg caffeine,22 as well as herbal extracts including guarana, ginseng, and ginkgo biloba, vitamin B complexes, amino acids including taurine, amino acid derivatives including carnitine, and sugar-like substances including glucuronolactone and ribose.23 However, among these diverse constituents, caffeine appears to be the only component that enhances performance.24 Higher habitual energy drink intake has been associated with higher self-reported sensation seeking, as well as sensation-seeking activities such as sexual risk-taking and driving without a seatbelt and while intoxicated.25,26 Energy drink users have also been shown to have higher sensation-seeking scores than nonusers.27–29
Effect of an Energy Drink On Muscle and Liver Damage Enzymes, And Cardiovascular Indices in Soccer Players
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2023
Fahimeh AdibSaber, Soleyman Ansari, Alireza Elmieh, Hadi Rajabzadeh
Some researchers believe that energy drinks due to having energetic compounds can improve athletes’ performance during training or competition (Lara et al. 2014; Russell and Kingsley 2014), and impact on liver and muscle enzyme levels (Mohammadoost et al. 2016). The term ‘energy drinks’ refers to beverages that contain caffeine mixed with other compounds, such as taurine, guarana, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, and B complex vitamins, in order to provide extra energy (Hismiogullari et al. 2013). Soccer players are recommended to drink before and during matches to delay dehydration-induced fatigue, reduce the rate of use of muscle glycogen (Ali et al. 2007), increase concentration, strength, endurance, and decrease reaction time (Hoffman et al. 2009).
Energy Drink before Exercise Did Not Affect Autonomic Recovery Following Moderate Aerobic Exercise: A Crossover, Randomized and Controlled Trial
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Andrey Alves Porto, Vitor E. Valenti, Joice Anaize Tonon do Amaral, Cicero Jonas R. Benjamim, David M. Garner, Celso Ferreira
The process involved three randomized protocols performed in three different sessions, with a minimum interval of 48 hours between them, in order to allow the participants an adequate recovery time:Determination of oxygen consumption (VO2max) via the maximum effort test - the trial was completed on treadmill (TPEE) by means of the Bruce protocol for the following; use of 60% of the speed matching the VO2max for the load applied (20,21), and evaluation with and without ED consumption. The expired gases analysis was finished via the Quark PFT commercial system (Comend, Rome, Italy), which attained the VO2peak recognized to be the highest VO2max reached throughout the test.Placebo protocol (PP): at this stage the subjects consumed 200 ml of water, then continued at rest for 15 minutes in the supine position, followed by 30 minutes of aerobic exercise on treadmill, for 5 minutes at a velocity of 5.0 km/h and 25 minutes with 60% of the velocity corresponding to the VO2max + 1% inclination, and lastly, 60 minutes of recovery in the supine position.Experimental protocol (PE): in this stage the subjects accomplished the same procedure as the PP, but with different ED intake (45 calories, 11.2 g carbohydrate, 80 mg sodium, 32 mg caffeine, Taurine 400 mg, Niacin 4.6 mg, Pantothenic Acid 2 mg, Vitamin B6 0.5 mg, Vitamin B12 0.4 mg, Glucuronolactone 240 mg, inositol 20 mg) 15 minutes prior to onset (9,22).