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Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
The phage f2 was one of the three phages compared to poliovirus for their adsorption to suspended soils (Moore et al. 1975). This study concluded that the phage f2 associated well with clays and did not retain infectivity by plaque assay in the adsorbed form, but nevertheless it could not be used as a surrogate to describe the general pattern of the poliovirus association. To estimate the competition between phage and organics for adsorption sites on soil and to determine the effect of natural organic matter on the adsorption, the influence of fulvic acid, a major fraction of natural soluble organic matter, on the phage MS2 adsorption was studied (Bixby and O'Brien 1979). In fact, the phage MS2 strongly adsorbed to soil in the absence and presence of fulvic acid, although the latter was capable of reversible phage inactivation.
Threat to classical reputation by dubious herbs and substitutes
Published in C. P. Khare, Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
Fulvic acids are powerful antioxidants and have superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties.5 Fulvic acid from Shilajatu enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in murine peritoneal macrophages.2 Processed Shilajatu (PS), consisting of resonance stabilized soft-spin semiquinone free radicals, has been shown to produce free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects against superoxide (SO) and hydroxyl radicals and the paramagnetic nitric oxide (NO) depending on the concentration of PS. Chemical polymerization by free radicals was measured with and without processed Shilajatu. Processed Shilajatu provided almost complete protection of MMA (methylmethacrylate) against hydroxyl radical-induced polymerization and significantly inhibited the polymerization of MMA by the SO free radical. Processed Shilajatu efficiently trapped NO free radicals. The antioxidant effects were concentration dependent. Higher concentrations of processed Shilajatu provided greater free radical protection.
Plant Sources as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Azhwar Raghunath, Kiruthika Sundarraj, Vishnu Vignesh Kanagaraj, Ekambaram Perumal
Shilajit is a substance found in the latex of E. royleana Boiss, which has immunomodulatory activities (Pandey and Tewari 1975). Shilajit interacts with the cholinergic signal pathways and therefore can act as a potential therapeutic agent in AD treatment. Shilajit is adaptogenic, immunomodulatory and reduces stress (Winston et al. 2007). These unique properties make it an ideal candidate for the treatment of AD. Shilajit in combination with Withania somnifera influences cholinergic signal transduction cascade in the cortical and basal forebrain (Schliebs et al. 1997). Tau protein buildup is a hallmark of AD. Fulvic acid, the primary constituent of shilajit, strongly inhibited tau protein aggregation and is one of the few polyphenolic compounds that exhibits this property (Guzmán-Martinez et al. 2013). Fulvic acid is not only capable of inhibiting tau filament formation, but it also breaks apart and untangles the tau filaments (Cornejo et al. 2011). In addition, exposure to fulvic acid resulted in the increased neurite outgrowth in the neural cell cultures. This special feature revealed from E. royleana Boiss may open up new possibilities towards AD treatment.
The toxicology of air pollution predicts its epidemiology
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Andrew J. Ghio, Joleen M. Soukup, Michael C. Madden
Humic substances (HS) are ubiquitous, heterogeneous, amorphous, organic materials occurring in all terrestrial and aqueous environments including composts, sediments, peat bogs, coals, rivers, lakes, and oceans (Stevenson, 1985). The molecular weights for HS can range from a few hundred to millions of daltons. Chemically, they are a complex mixture of many different acids with prominent numbers of carboxylate and phenolate groups (Figure 1). HS include three different fractions: humic acid, fulvic acid and humin. Humic acid is the major extractable component of soil HS; it is insoluble in water under acidic conditions (pH <2) but soluble at higher pH values and dark brown to black in color. Fulvic acid is that fraction of HS soluble in water under all pH conditions and remains in solution after removal of humic acid by acidification; it is light yellow to yellow-brown in color. Humin is the fraction of HS that is not soluble in water at any pH value and is black in color.
Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid wellness drink: its tolerability, safety and effect on disease markers in pre-ART HIV-1 positive subjects
Published in South African Family Practice, 2018
ME Botes, IS Gilada, JR Snyman, JPL Labuschagne
Fulvic acid is a humic acid derivative8–10 known for its use as a complementary self-medication in various cultural settings. Humic Acids, and in particular Fulvic Acid, have demonstrated significant in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory properties.3,5,6,8 It is postulated that these properties may also be responsible for its purported benefits in the HIV-1 population taking CHD-FA in a formulated wellness drink. Untreated HIV infection causes persistent immune activation and inflammation, leading to a host of disease-progressive and age-related diseases. It is known that anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids may reduce the viral load in HIV-1 patients purely by reducing immune competent cell turnover and proliferation.11 CHD-FA results in an anti-inflammatory effect without affecting the same pathways as corticosteroids.3
Microencapsulated soil conditioner with a water-soluble core: improving soil nutrition of crop root
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Wang Zuo, Wang Jincheng, Song Shiqiang, Rao Pinhua, Wang Runkai, Liu Shihui
As a type of soil conditioner, humic acid can influence the distribution, bioavailability and ultimate fate behaviour of nitrogen (Dong et al.2009). Fulvic acid (FA) is a type of purified humic acid and possesses water-soluble characteristic, which is analogous to be applied as a kind of fertiliser at present. Thus, microencapsulation of FA can simulate the packaging behaviour of water-soluble core materials and retain nitrogen performance.