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Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Medicine: Trends in Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Recently, Liu et al. exploited the magnetic guidance properties of ferro-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and used them as ‘vesicle shuttles’ for the capture of circulating exosomes and subsequent release at the MI site (Liu et al. 2020a). The Fe3O4 cores were enclosed within silica shells and coated with stimuli-cleavable PEG chains conjugated to two types of antibody (one for endogenous exosome capture and one for targeting recipient injured cells). The researchers showed that the vesicle shuttles effectively collected, transported, and released circulating exosomes at the designated MI region in rat models. The released exosomes enhanced cardiac function, improved cardiomyocyte survival, and promoted angiogenesis. The investigation is one of the leading pioneers in the concept of manipulating endogenously produced exosomes in vivo and redirecting their biodistribution for MI therapy.
Weaning: Why, When and What?
Published in Frank Falkner, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
Cereals are relatively rich in essential fatty acids (0.5-lg/100g cereal). The EFA intake of infants fed artificially with non-adapted formulas is low. Early introduction may be useful in these infants, but a daily supply of 500ml of milk is necessary to cover the daily protein and calcium requirements. Fortification of cereals with iron has been strongly recommended. One reason to introduce beikost is the prevention of iron deficiency. Ferrous salts are usually added to infant formulas and their bioavailability is relatively high. However, ferrous salts cause organoleptic problems in cereals, and other preparations, such as elemental iron, have therefore been used (e.g.:hydrogen-reduced, carbon monoxide-reduced, electrolytic or carbonyl iron). Other forms of iron in cereals are ferric pyrophosphate, ferric orthophosphate, and ferric oxide saccharated. Hydrogen-reduced elemental iron is probably the most available and the least expensive source of iron (Hurrell, 1984). Iron enriched milk formulas give the recommended amount of iron (Committee on Nutrition, 1976).
The late Middle Ages
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Dr G. Lovell Gulland wrote an article on chlorosis for Green’s Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine and Surgery (1906). He indicated that tight corsets, inadequate diet and menorrhagia were ‘exciting causes’ of the ailment. Chlorosis only occurred in women, and the first attack came on between 14 and 20 years of age. The condition was accompanied by secondary amenorrhea, and a host of anemia-related symptoms. The hemoglobin level was commonly reduced to 40%. Treatment was with Blaud’s pills (containing ferrous sulfate). When all else failed, the ‘special’ treatments of bloodletting of four ounces, or a fifth of a pint (to stimulate the marrow!), or arsenic in water, were advised. Perhaps matrimony was a better option! In modern times, red ferric oxide is used to tint medications and saccharated iron oxide is used in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (Reynolds, 1982).
Estimation of the utilities of attributes of intravenous iron infusion treatment for patients with iron-deficiency anemia: a conjoint analysis in Japan
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2023
Tomomi Takeshima, Chise Ha, Kosuke Iwasaki
Two types of treatment for IDA are available in clinical practice: oral and intravenous (IV) iron treatment. IV iron treatment is prescribed for patients with IDA in need of rapid delivery of iron or when oral iron treatment is considered inappropriate due to lack of efficacy or poor tolerability. Various types of IV iron formulations are available, including those that require only one or two infusions to fully replenish iron in patients with IDA, and the types of formulations approved for use differ between countries. In Japan, two types of IV iron formulations—saccharated ferric oxide (SFO) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM)—are currently commercially available for patients with IDA. The non-inferiority of FCM to SFO in improving Hb levels was verified in a randomized open-label study of Japanese patients with IDA11. The iron dose per infusion differs by IV iron formulation type: 40 − 120 mg for SFO and 500 mg for FCM for an adult patient, and therefore, the total number of administrations needed to provide full correction of IDA also differs by IV iron formulation type. Notably, the maximum iron dose per infusion for FCM differs between countries. It is 750 mg or 1,000 mg in the US12,13 and 1,000 mg in the EU12. In addition, there are differences in time required for infusion between the formulations.
Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in Lake Manzala, Egypt
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
The study was carried out on Lake Manzala through summer, 2019, to monitor and evaluate the levels of some heavy metals and major oxides in water and sediments. Ten samples of both water and superficial bottom sediments have been collected. The sample sites have been chosen to cover sources of pollution near to discharges of most drains which consider the main source of pollution of the study area. Every one of the safeguards happened to limit dangers of the test tainting were followed during the assortment and treatment of tests. These samples have been chemically analyzed for the determination of their major oxides (Silica oxide SiO2, Aluminum oxide Al2O3, Ferric oxide Fe2O3, Magnesium oxide MgO, Calcium oxide CaO, Sodium oxide Na2O and Potassium oxide K2O) and a few heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb, Fe, Mn and Cd). The study used the standard of the American Public Health Association (APHA) [11] for the collection, preservation and digestion technique. Heavy metals concentrations were measured using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (Buck Scientific Company, USA) after the digestion technique. Calibration standards and quality control samples have been prepared freshly daily. The reference standard materials used to assess the precision and accuracy of the procedure. The study used analytical grade chemicals of certified standard solutions for the aim of sample preparation and its analysis.
Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Couroupita guianensis Aubl. fruit extract for their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
G. Sathishkumar, V. Logeshwaran, S. Sarathbabu, Pradeep K. Jha, M. Jeyaraj, C. Rajkuberan, N. Senthilkumar, S. Sivaramakrishnan
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are the foremost nanoscale materials with many practical applications such as ferrofluids, biosensors, catalysts, separation processes and environmental remediation [1]. It plays a central role in wide range of biomedical applications such as cell therapy [2], drug delivery [3], photothermal effect [4], tissue engineering [5], regenerative medicine [6], hyperthermia [7], diagnosis [8] and imaging [9]. Especially, Fe3O4 (ferric oxide) belonging to the class of metal oxides was very well known for its unanimous photo catalytic and photo-oxidizing capacities. Due to their unique physio-chemical properties and capability to facilitate the cellular and molecular level of biological interactions, MNPs are being considered as the successful contrast agents of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in theranostics nanomedicine [10].