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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
The gut and immune system are also impacted by fructokinase. Fructokinase C is readily expressed in the small intestine. Excessive intake of fructose allows for fructose metabolism in the small intestine, which can lead to disruption of the tight junctions (Jensen et al. 2018). This may result in gut permeability, allowing for endotoxins to move through the system and alter the microbiome, triggering fat accumulation in the liver (Jensen et al. 2018). The endotoxins present in the system also can activate the innate immune system in response to inflammation (Jensen et al. 2018).
Insulin Resistance and Glucose Regulation
Published in Awanish Kumar, Ashwini Kumar, Diabetes, 2020
Fructose is widely found in fruits and is thus known as fruit sugar. Fructose intake from fruits largely reaches about 15–20 grams per day. This level of fructose is not deleterious for the human system but an increased consumption of HFCS and artificial fructose diets have led to an increase in metabolic syndrome giving rise to ‘diabesity’. Even turning down excess fat consumption could not prevent the increase in metabolic syndrome and thus, researchers around the globe found and proposed that marked increase in consumption of HFCS is the leading cause of the syndrome [62].
Cardiac Performance During Diabetes
Published in Grant N. Pierce, Robert E. Beamish, Naranjan S. Dhalla, Heart Dysfunction in Diabetes, 2019
Grant N. Pierce, Robert E. Beamish, Naranjan S. Dhalla
Another method by which investigators have attempted to ameliorate cardiac disease without normalizing blood sugar levels is by diet. Fructose can be metabolized by the myocardium in the absence of insulin98 and can thus serve as a substitute carbohydrate fuel to glucose in the diabetic animal. Feeding diabetic rats a 60% fructose diet was found to increase myosin Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity.99 Since no estimate of cardiac mechanical function was made as a function of the fructose diet it is difficult to evaluate its efficacy in improving pump performance. However, one would suspect functional improvement in the heart after fructose feeding in view of the close correlation between myosin Ca2+-ATPase activity and force generation.100 This correlation may be complicated in the diabetes study99 because of the metabolic side effects of fructose diets.101–102
Effect of spexin on renal dysfunction in experimentally obese rats: potential mitigating mechanisms via galanin receptor-2
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mervat H. El-Saka, Rehab E. Abo El Gheit, Amira El Saadany, Ghada Mahmoud Alghazaly, Karima E. Marea, Nermin M. Madi
Undue ingestion of high fat diet can produce obesity related complications mostly through the stimulation of low grade inflammatory state (Duan et al.2018). On top of that, extreme consuming of fructose has a considerable role in progress of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and CKD (Bidwell 2017). Fructose is an extremely lipogenic sugar. High fructose corn syrup and fructose are constituents in several commercial products of food. Additional reports have demonstrated that fructose intake in high amount has enhanced both acute and chronic renal damage in mice (Bratoeva et al.2017). A growing evidence has displayed that high fructose diet can lead to accumulation of lipid with subsequent occurrence of lipotoxicity of ectopic organs as kidneys and liver. This lipotoxicity can stimulates multiple signalling pathways involving proinflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis, all these pathways trigger to cellular injury and organ dysfunction (Zhang et al.2017).
Detrimental effects of fructose on mitochondria in mouse motor neurons and on C. elegans healthspan
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Divya Lodha, Sudarshana Rajasekaran, Tamilselvan Jayavelu, Jamuna R. Subramaniam
Past few decades have seen a drastic change in diet, especially, increased consumption of sweeteners such as fructose. The common table sugar, sucrose, is a disaccharide made up of one molecule each of glucose and fructose. The economical sweetener, high fructose corn syrup is readily available in large quantities. Daily dietary intake of fructose ranges from 5% to 15%1, with the average uptake being around 95gm/per day2. Despite fructose being extensively used in baked products, confectionaries, and sports drinks worldwide, no strict regulations about the permissible limit for fructose consumption is in place. Recent research has also prominently implicated fructose to be the root cause of many lifestyle disorders, namely, diabetes mellitus, obesity, non – alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders3.
Intragastric fructose administration interacts with emotional state in homeostatic and hedonic brain regions
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Julie Iven, Jessica R. Biesiekierski, Dongxing Zhao, Jan Tack, Lukas Van Oudenhove
First, the 25 g of fructose used in our study might have been too low to observe significant effects at the self-report level as daily intake of fructose varies between 11 and 54 g. However, dosage was chosen to minimize fructose malabsorption, as 25 g is completely absorbed in 50% of the population [36]. Second, we did not perform a hydrogen breath test to exclude fructose malabsorption, however no side effects were reported by any of the participants. Third, our emotion induction paradigm could be considered unsuccessful at the behavioral level, despite the fact that this paradigm has been successfully used in previous studies [9,17]. Fourth, for this study, healthy, young, lean and healthy volunteers were included. Additional studies in patients suffering from mood disorders or emotional eating should be performed to further increase the understanding of the interaction of food and mood in this population. Fifth, we cannot exclude the effects of different molar load or osmolarities of the fructose compared to the milli-Q water used as the placebo, that could have affected hormone secretion and GI motility differentially. Last, although intragastric administration may limit the clinical relevance compared to oral intake, its mechanistic relevance may be higher as it allows for the effect of purely interoceptive gut-brain signals on hedonic outcomes, bypassing all sensory and cognitive effects.