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Biochemical Parameters and Childhood Obesity
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
The study by Williams et al. (1992) of children (n=3,320) in the age range 5–18 years declared a classification for obesity. According to the authors, male participants were declared obese depending on the percentage of body fat up to 25%, while the female participants were classified as obese depending on the percentage of body fat up to 30% (Williams et al. 1992).
Adiposity-based Chronic Disease a New Diagnostic Term
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Michael G. Flynn, Krauss Jeffrey
Despite the classification of obesity as a disease several years ago, negative personal and societal connotations remain associated with the word “obesity.”1,6,7 Moreover, limitations in the use of BMI to predict adverse risk, especially among Asian populations,11 as well as acceptance of changing societal norms, may cast doubt on the urgency and severity of risk among patients with obesity.12 To address these concerns, the concept of ABCD emphasizes the unhealthy nature of adiposity extending well beyond simple BMI or body weight, which includes abnormal body fat distribution, anthropometrics, and adipocyte secretome patterns. Changes in production of adipokines, such as leptin, resistin, and adiponectin, are among the most notable alterations of adipocyte function.5 This greater detail allows for more precise therapeutic interventions, particularly structured lifestyle interventions, but also requires a more robust diagnostic coding system for reimbursement and economic incentive for ABCD tactics.
Obesity
Published in Andrew Stevens, James Raftery, Jonathan Mant, Sue Simpson, Health Care Needs Assessment, 2018
John Garrow, Carolyn Summerbell
The classification of obesity in both adults and children simply requires the accurate measurement of height, weight and waist circumference. However, as with most measurements there are potential errors involved. The most common error, particularly common in primary care, is a result of self-reported height and/or weight.14 Tall, thin individuals are more likely to under-report their height, and shorter, fatter individuals to overestimate their height and underestimate their weight. It is important that weight and height are measured, and measured correctly; weight in light clothing and height without shoes. Weighing scales should be calibrated regularly, and height sticks should be checked to make sure that they are correctly placed. The good news for health commissioners is that the assessment of obesity is remarkably cheap!
Classification of obesity, cardiometabolic risk, and metabolic syndrome in adults with spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Amy M. Yahiro, Brooks C. Wingo, Sujit Kunwor, Jason Parton, Amy C. Ellis
When accurate body composition measurement methods are not accessible in the outpatient clinical setting, clinical proxies of body composition are often used to classify obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is an anthropometric measure of weight adjusted for height (kg/m2) often used to classify obesity.21 However, since BMI underestimates adiposity in individuals with SCI, it is not sensitive for detecting obesity status and is a poor predictor of CVD in this population.1,3,19,22–25 Adjusted BMI classification schemes have been proposed for the SCI population to account for the changes in body composition after injury; however, they have not yet been validated in a large population.10,24,26 Similarly, it has been proposed that waist circumference (WC) may be an indicator of obesity-related comorbidities, but there are currently no SCI-specific cut-off points that have been validated.27,28 In place of BMI, it has been suggested to calculate and adjust ideal body weight (IBW) for individuals with SCI, but these approaches are dated, not validated, and are not accompanied by a classification scheme.29,30 A standard classification of obesity in the SCI population remains unknown.10
Angiopoietin-2 level as a tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Khalid Siddiqui, Salini Scaria Joy, Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz, Mohammad T. Al Otaibi, Khalid Al-Rubeaan
As BMI and hip circumference showed statistical significance among different groups of Ang-2 in hypertensive diabetic subjects, we further analyzed the clinical and biochemical parameters based on BMI classification for obesity to obtain information on the impact of obesity on Ang-2 level (Table 2). The risk factors for CVD such as waist circumference, DBP, HDL, and TC among hypertensive diabetic subjects showed significant difference while Ang-2 did not show any significant increase in the pattern among different groups of BMI. The glycemic parameters such as FBG and HbA1c in hypertensive diabetic subjects did not show any significant difference in either groups. The other variables such as hip circumference, weight, and serum albumin showed significant difference among different groups of BMI (Table 2).
Body mass index and occupational accidents among health care workers: in BMI we must trust?
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2023
That all being said, exact values of BMI are still disputed (e.g. for Afro-Americans and Asian persons). But, if one uses the BMI classification as proposed by the World Health Organization for epidemiological purposes, one must stick to the WHO definitions. Although, Fraeyman and colleagues used on page 3 the classification ‘underweight’ for BMI < 20 kg/m2, but that must be < 18.5 kg/m2. Also using the classification ‘morbid obesity’ is obsolete, must be ‘Class III Obesity” with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2, or ≥35 kg/m2 with experiencing obesity-related health problems [6]. One must further conclude that a (little) overweight is not the same as obesity.