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Methods in Experimental Pathology of the Pleura
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
Physicochemical properties of inhaled fibers are also important in pleural fibrosis and formation of the pleural plaque. Chrysotile is the common type of asbestos fibers found in the pleura (Sebastien et al., 1980). The population in Finnish endemic areas exposed to anthrophyllite shows a low incidence of pleural disease and mesothelioma while that of Turkish endemic area exposed to erionite shows a much higher incidence of pleural disease and mesothelioma (Hillerdal et al., 1984).
Inorganic Particulates in Human Lung: Relationship to the Inflammatory Response
Published in William S. Lynn, Inflammatory Cells and Lung Disease, 2019
Victor L. Roggli, J. P. Mastin, John D. Shelburne, Michael Roe, Arnold R. Brody
The term asbestos encompasses a number of naturally occurring silicate mineral fibers in the serpentine and amphibole series.56 Chrysotile, the sole representative of the serpentine type of asbestos mineral, is a fibrous magnesium silicate consisting of a curled sheet which spirals around a central capillary. The fibers of chrysotile are typically curly or wavy (Figure 3A). The amphibole series has five recognized members: crocidolite (blue asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite. The amphibole minerals occur as double chains of linked silica tetrahedra which are crosslinked with various bridging cations, the identity of which is useful in the chemical identification of the various types of amphibole. For example, amosite contains iron (Fe+ +) as well as smaller amounts of magnesium and manganese, whereas crocidolite contains iron (Fe+ +, Fe + + +) and sodium as well as smaller amounts of magnesium. The amphiboles are typically straight fibers (Figure 3B). Asbestos may be associated with various contaminants, including trace metals such as nickel, chromium, cobalt, and aluminum, and various hydrocarbons (either as natural contaminants or as a result of processing and storage).56
Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Sunkaru Touray, Emil Tigas, Nicholas A. Smyrnios
Asbestos-related lung disease is a group of lung diseases caused by exposure to naturally occurring asbestos fibers comprised of magnesium silicate minerals. These fibers have desirable physical properties for industrial use, such as high tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to chemical and thermal degradation, hence their prior extensive use in the construction, automotive, and textile industries.23 Chrysotile (also known as white asbestos) is the most common and only type of asbestos currently used in manufacturing in the United States, while the more toxic amphibole fibers, including crocidolite, amosite, and tremolite are still used in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia.24 Asbestos fibers are highly carcinogenic and are known to cause lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. Asbestos is considered one of the most important occupational carcinogens.24
Asbestos dust concentrations and health conditions of workers at asbestos-cement corrugated sheet production manufacturers in Vietnam: a nationwide assessment
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Hang Thi Le, Hoa Thi Dinh, Tam Thi Ngo
In Vietnam, asbestos used in industries is mainly chrysotile. Chrysotile is mainly used in the production of fibro-cement roofing sheets [9]. According to the report by the Vietnam Roofsheet Association, annually, fibro-cement roofing production facilities in Vietnam consume about 52,000 tons of chrysotile to produce an average of about 90 million m2 of roofing sheets [8]. To ensure safe production according to International Convention 162, since 1998, the Government of Vietnam has issued Joint Circular No. 1529/1998/TTLT-BKHCN-BXD dated October 17, 1998, stipulating measures to ensure health and safety for workers in the production of asbestos-cement roofing sheets in Vietnam. In 2001, the Government of Vietnam issued Decision No. 115/2001/QD-TTG intending to ban the use of asbestos since 2004. However, in 2004, the Government issued Decision 133/2004/ QD-TTG, which allowed chrysotile to be used under strict environmental and worker health monitoring [9].
Potential airborne asbestos exposures in dentistry: a comprehensive review and risk assessment
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
A. Michael Ierardi, Claire Mathis, Ania Urban, Neva Jacobs, Brent Finley, Shannon Gaffney
At various points in time, dental professionals may have experienced a variety of chemical exposures, including potential exposure to alginate powders, nitrous oxide, mercury, asbestos, beryllium, other non-precious metal alloys, silica, methylmethacrylate, and formaldehyde (Woody et al. 1977; Setcos et al. 1983; Rom et al. 1984; Wagner 1985; Persson and Brune 1989; Palmen 2005; Torbica and Krstev 2006). Of note, chrysotile was historically used in the manufacture of various dental products, including casting ring liner (CRL; i.e. dental tape), between approximately 1930 and 1987 (Taylor et al. 1930; Naylor et al. 1987), investment material (i.e. refractory material) from an unspecified year until 1930 (Broomell 1908; Souder and Sweeney 1930; Taylor et al. 1930), and periodontal dressing powder (PDP) between approximately 1923 and 1976 (Dyer 1967; Council on Dental Therapeutics [CDT] 1976; Cook 2008; Baghani and Kadkhodazadeh 2013).
An updated evaluation of potential health hazards associated with exposures to asbestos-containing drywall accessory products
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Neva F. B. Jacobs, Kevin M. Towle, Brent L. Finley, Shannon H. Gaffney
Textured paint is a pre-mixed product containing a paint component and an added texturing compound component, which is applied to surfaces by brush or roller. This product is allowed to dry in place and is not sanded. Prior to the late 1970s, asbestos was used as a constituent in some textured paints to provide strength, decay resistance, vermin resistance, stability, and durability (Anderson et al. 1982). Latex-based textured paints contained limestone, lesser amounts of mica, and 1–5% chrysotile asbestos (Anderson and Farino 1982; Anderson et al. 1982). A report on chrysotile asbestos substitute performance analysis prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stated that “[s]mall amounts of asbestos (approximately 1%)” were historically used in textured paints (Krusell et al. 1982, p. 225). According to a guidance document issued in the United Kingdom in 1999, textured paints historically contained 3–5% chrysotile asbestos (MRC Institute for Environment and Health 1999). Chrysotile asbestos is classified or graded by fiber length. The shortest grades of chrysotile were used in coatings, paints, and sealants; it has been reported that over 95% of the asbestos used in these products was Group/Grade 7 chrysotile (Meylan et al. 1978).