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Phycochemical screening and standard parameter determination of Spirulina plantesis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Euchema spinosum, cultivated in Indonesia
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
I.T. Maulana, L. Mulqie, K.M. Yuliawati, Y. Sukarman, N.A. Suhara, N.A. Suhara, R. Safira
Three algae, namely Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Eucheuma spinosum, are known to have many health benefits. Spirulina plantesis is known to be easily digested and absorbed by the human body (Choi et al. 2013), and to be rich in phycocyanin compounds, cyanocobalamin, tocopherols, carotenoids, and sulfated polysaccharide. Spirulina is also known to inhibit lipid oxidation, and have anti-aging, antitumor, antioxidants (Okechukwu et al. 2019, Choi et al. 2013), and antidiabetic (Okechukwu et al. 2019) properties. Chlorella vulgaris is known as a source of an organic and inorganic bioactive substance (Muszyńska et al. 2018), flavonoids (Ahmed 2016), steroids and triterpenoids, phenolic compounds (Adhoni et al. 2016), considerable chlorophyll (Chia et al. 2013, Safafar et al. 2016) and also contains Chlorellin compounds that are suspected to be antibacterial (Asadi et al. 2016, Shannon & Abu-Ghannam 2016, Ghasemi et al. 2007). However, Chlorella vulgaris is not a good source of minerals such as zinc, iron, magnesium (Muszyńska et al. 2018). Chlorella vulgaris is known to be able to inhibit the growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. Pyogenes bacteria (Shannon and Abu-Ghannam 2016, Syed et al. 2015, Ghasemi et al. 2007). Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina plantesis have been also recognized as a single-cell protein source supplement (Kose et al. 2017).
Nutraceutical Aspects of Microalgae
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Ceren Gurlek, Cagla Yarkent, Izel Oral, Ayse Kose, Suphi S. Oncel
Two types of microalgae and cyanobacteria are suitable candidates for LSSs. Because of its amino acid, vitamin and lipid content, the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is a great candidate for a space food for humans. Arthrospiraplatensis, a cyanobacteria, has an appropriate nutritional composition for animal feed and human consumption. It also has health-promotion qualities (Lehto et al. 2006).
Improvement of ionizing gamma irradiation tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris by pretreatment with polyethylene glycol
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Seyed Ali Hosseini Tafreshi, Peyman Aghaie, Mohammad Amin Toghyani, Ahmad Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani
Resistance to ionizing irradiation in prokaryotic algae, such as cyanobacteria, and some eukaryotic organisms has been investigated (Zill and Tolbert 1958; Xue et al. 2005; Whitehead et al. 2006; Das and Roychoudhury 2014; Choi et al. 2015). Chlorella vulgaris is a green microalga that possesses some levels of radio tolerance. According to previous studies, this alga had the ability to withstand UV-B (Ultraviolet-B) and alpha-ray stresses by protecting its photosynthetic apparatus and lipid production under stress (Jeon et al. 2014; Oh et al. 2016; Ganapathy et al. 2017). Additionally, C. vulgaris was able to tolerate stressful conditions such as salinity, heavy metals or desiccation (Hiremath and Mathad 2010; de Abreu et al. 2014; Cheng, Lu et al. 2016; Cheng, Qiu et al. 2016; Hamed, Zinta et al. 2017). The species’ high level of resistance to abiotic stresses could be attributed to its simple cellular structures, and its highly-active enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems (Hiremath and Mathad 2010; de Abreu et al. 2014). Because of this ability of the species to withstand against a wide range of stressors, C. vulgaris has been generally adopted as a promising microalgal model to study stress-related responses. Despite this, the suggested relation between the tolerance to gamma irradiation and drought in this species or other green algae has been questioned and needs to be obviously established.
A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Four-Arm Parallel Study Investigating the Effect of a Broad-Spectrum Wellness Beverage on Mood State in Healthy, Moderately Stressed Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Malkanthi Evans, Joseph Antony, Najla Guthrie, Bernie Landes, Okezie I. Aruoma
The active constituents of maca (Lepidium meyenii)—alkaloids, isothiocyanates, and glucosinolates—also reduced depression (6%) and anxiety (10%) over placebo in postmenopausal women (23).The main active constituent in gotu kola (Centella asiatica), asiaticoside, has been shown to exert an anxiolytic activity in healthy participants (25) and reduces stress, depression, and anxiety by 26% in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (26). Turmeric extract containing curcumin, a polyphenol with antioxidant activity, reduced depression (27). Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular green microalga with antioxidant properties, was effective against depression and anxiety (28). A combination of L-lysine and L-arginine decreased trait anxiety by 10.9% compared to 1.2% in the placebo group and increased state anxiety by 0.8% compared to an increase of 8.7% in the placebo group (29). Glycowithanolides, the active ingredient present in Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) reduced anxiety by 88.2% (30). It can be argued that the ingredients in the ZW formulation worked in tandem to improve mood states in moderately stressed populations, an outcome that will rely on future directed research to define. Of interest, all the studies reported placebo effects ranging from 1% to 50%, which indicated that the 16% placebo effect seen in the current study is within reported values for this group of investigational products.
Cerium oxide thin films: synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and influence on microbial growth
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Luminita Andronic, Damir Mamedov, Cristina Cazan, Marcela Popa, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc, Atabek Allaniyazov, Simona Palencsar, Smagul Zh. Karazhanov
This paper aims to study CeO2 thin films focus on imidacloprid degradation and antimicrobial activities and clarify whether they exhibit toxicity in the natural environment. Imidacloprid is a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide available in the global market used for its insecticidal activity to control pests. The imidacloprid was detected in soil, surface water, and groundwater, affecting the aquatic environment (Hogarth and Al-Dhhan 1986). Chlorella Vulgaris has been considered to address the ecotoxicity study.