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Traditional Malay Ulam for Healthy Ageing
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Jamia Azdina Jamal, Khairana Husain
The best-known use of ulam for its hypoglycaemic effect is the fruit of Momordica charantia fruits. Ethanol extract (70%) and juice of M. charantia fruits administered to rats with alloxan-induced diabetes for 30 days reduced serum glucose levels (p < 0.01) compared to the baseline level (Batran et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2012). Another study by Mahwish et al. (2021) reported that whole fruit powder of M. charantia (300 mg/kg) given to Sprague-Dawley diet-induced hyperglycaemic rats significantly reduced blood glucose and increased insulin levels after 28 and 56 days of treatment. This powder has been shown to prevent diabetes in a group of normal rats eating a diet without excess sucrose. The hypoglycaemic effects have been found to be associated with charantin and vicine content.
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
The species is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, growing up to 5 cm in length. Commonly known as “bitter gourd”, it is popular for its effectiveness to manage T2DM. It is a perennial herb with unbranched tendrils. Plants are dioecious or monoecious. Male flowers are solitary or in a raceme; pedicel often with a large bract calyx tube and corolla yellow or white in color, rotate or broadly campanulate and 5-lobed. In female flowers, the ovary is oblong or fusiform; style elongate; stigmas 3, undivided or 2-lobed; ovules numerous and horizontal (Shu et al. 2011b). Plants contain active phytochemical compounds, such as triterpenes, proteins, momorcharin steroids, fatty acid, lauric, myriaatic, palmitic, stearic and linolaic. Charantin is a typical cucurbitane-type triterpenoid found on M. charantia (Goo et al. 2016). Some of the crucial chemical compounds are exhibited in Figure 15.16.
Tribal and Indigenous Knowledge in West Africa: The Use of Food Plants in the Management of Diabetes
Published in David R. Katerere, Wendy Applequist, Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, Chamunorwa Togo, Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era, 2019
Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, David R. Katerere
Several phytochemicals isolated from Momordica charantia have been implicated in the mitigation of T2D. Momordicine I and II have been shown to stimulate insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells (Keller et al. 2011). Oleanolic acid glycosides improve glucose tolerance in type 2 DM by preventing glucose from being absorbed in the intestines (Hui et al. 2009). Moreover, 5-β,19-epoxy-3-β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-6,23(E)-dienes, and 3-β,7-β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien- 19-al have been shown to improve glucose tolerance and hypoglycemic effects in various mice models (Harinantenaina et al. 2006). Charantin and polypeptide-p (or p-insulin), phytochemicals also found in Momordica charantia, possess an insulin-like effect and also the ability to activate insulin receptors (Joseph and Jini 2013). Traditionally, young shoots and leaves of Momordica charantia are harvested from the wild and eaten as a vegetable.
Bioanalytical method development for momordicinin and its application to long-term pharmacokinetics in diabetic rats
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Prajakta Kulkarni, Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan, Kakasaheb Mahadik
To explore a chemical constituent as a drug its pharmacokinetic profile need to establish. FDA suggests the prediction of pharmacokinetic profile depends on drug’s intrinsic solubility, intestinal permeability, and dissolution pattern. In determining drug substance permeability, the degree of drug degradation in the gastrointestinal fluid prior to intestinal membrane permeation has to be considered. Also bile secretions from gall bladder interfere in the dissolution and permeation of lipophilic compound [6]. Till date, few analytical techniques such as LC-ELSD [7], HPLC [8,9], and HPTLC [10] have been reported for determination of cucurbitane triterpenoids, glycosides, and charantin, respectively. Although there are number of techniques already been reported, there are no reports published regarding determination and quantification of MRN in clinical and preclinical studies.