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Nutrition and the Microbiome—Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Kirsten Berding, Sharon Donovan
A number of environmental factors can shape the composition and function of the GI microbiota, including diet. More than half of microbial changes are attributable to diet10 and diet-induced changes in the GI microbiota composition have been linked to the risk of developing certain diseases.11 In the ASD population, diet has the potential to play an even more critical role in modulating the microbiome due to the high prevalence of challenging feeding behaviors and the common use of dietary interventions (i.e., Gluten-free/Casein-free diet) to manage symptoms of ASD.12,13 One recent study found that dietary patterns and nutrient intake predicted a unique microbial profile that could be linked to some GI symptoms in children with ASD,6 demonstrating the existence of a triangular relationship between diet, GI microbiota, and symptoms of ASD. This chapter seeks to summarize the current understanding of the role of the GI microbiota and microbial metabolites in ASD and will explore the role of dietary interventions in moderating the interaction between the GI microbiota and symptoms of ASD.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ADHD and Autism
Published in Hilary McClafferty, Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
“Monitored” therapies in the Klein-Kemper model include a restricted diet such as the gluten-free-casein-free diet. Although popular, limited supporting evidence is available, and children are at risk for undernutrition in the form of micro and macronutrients, possible calorie restriction, and peer victimization due to the restricted foods eaten. A gluten-free-casein-free diet would ideally be used only in those with proven sensitivity and be monitored closely for appropriate nutrition and caloric content.
Developmental disorders
Published in Dominic Upton, Introducing Psychology for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, 2013
Alternatively, another biological approach adopted as treatment is that of dietary control, in which the levels of casein and gluten are reduced resulting in a reduction in the amount of opiates absorbed by the gut (Bennett, 2011). For example, Harrison et al. (2006) conducted a study to test the efficacy of a gluten- and casein-free diet with 15 autistic children aged 2 to 16. The authors reported that parents of the children found an improvement in their children’s behaviour. Furthermore, Knivsberg et al. (1998) studied 20 children who were split into diet and non-diet conditions and reported significant improvement in the treatment group in relation to behaviour and communication. However, both of the above studies are relatively small and preliminary (Millward et al., 2004). Hence, the reliability and effectiveness of this approach is not yet convincing.
The role of probiotics in children with autism spectrum disorder: A prospective, open-label study
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Sanaa Y. Shaaban, Yasmin G. El Gendy, Nayra S. Mehanna, Waled M. El-Senousy, Howaida S. A. El-Feki, Khaled Saad, Osama M. El-Asheer
Autistic children with other neurodevelopmental disorders or psychiatric diseases were excluded. Also, we excluded any patient with a clinically significant chronic medical condition, including; anemia, brain malformations, metabolic diseases, epilepsy, organic GI disorders (i.e. gastroesophageal reflux, food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)) and Celiac disease. Also, patients on anti-fungal, antibiotics, special diet (i.e. gluten-free diet, casein-free diet, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet) and current use of psychiatric medications within the preceding 3 months were excluded. Finally, all patients were not started any other therapies as vitamins or other alternative therapies for 2 weeks before and during the study period.
Role of mycotoxins in the pathobiology of autism: A first evidence
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Barbara De Santis, Carlo Brera, Alessandra Mezzelani, Sabina Soricelli, Francesca Ciceri, Giorgio Moretti, Francesca Debegnach, Maria Clara Bonaglia, Laura Villa, Massimo Molteni, Maria Elisabetta Raggi
In this study, the autistic group showed positive correlations among Sa/So ratios in urine and IgG values against wheat and gluten, and OTA values in serum and IgG values against casein and orange. The gluten-free and casein-free diet is a recurring finding in the literature with regard to autistic children with mixed results. It is noteworthy that children are used to consume much milk-based and wheat-based foods often coming to excesses and it is found that diets excluding those highly consumed foods improve GI symptoms.41–43
Diet: the keystone of autism spectrum disorder?
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
S. Peretti, M. Mariano, C. Mazzocchetti, M. Mazza, M. C. Pino, A. Verrotti Di Pianella, M. Valenti
(i) Gluten-free and casein-free diet: several studies of the GFCF diet have tried to show a possible relationship between this diet and ASD symptoms. In the most recent review of 32 studies, Mari-Bauset and collaborators27 concluded that despite the growing body of literature regarding the efficacy of the GFCF diet for therapy of ASD, additional studies are needed.