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The Role of Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Inflammation
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Marcela Dvorakova, Premysl Landa, Lenka Langhansova
5-LOX inhibitory activity of ethanolic whole plant extracts of four Chinese medicinal plant herbs (Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk, Smilax glabra Roxb., Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Sanjappa et Pradeep, and Carthamus tinctorius L., and their components were studied. All extracts exerted interesting 5-LOX inhibition with IC50 values of 0.08–0.66 µg/µL. From their components, the lowest—though moderate—IC50 values were demonstrated by daidzin (4.32 µM), followed by daidzein (6.65 µM), 3’-hydroxypuerarin (7.36 µM), sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (7.45 µM) and astilbin (8.45 µM). The importance of the presence of the vicinal hydroxyl groups for the activity was clearly shown in puerarin compounds, as the lack of 3’-hydroxy group on puerarin moiety led to the attenuation of the inhibitory activity (IC50 = 25.8 µM), while the methylation of 3’-hydroxy group to afford 3’-methoxypuerarin caused complete inactivity (Zhao et al., 2016).
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Carthamus tinctorius belongs to family Asteraceae, and is an annual herb that grows 30–150 cm tall. The plant is called safflower in English and is mainly cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Each flower possesses unique globular flower heads in yellow, orange, or red colour. The individual branch bears one to five flower heads containing 15–20 seeds per head (Anjani 2010). The chemical groups found on C. tinctorius are oils, proteins, minerals, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, serotonin, steroids, polysaccharides, quinochalcone C-glycosides and cartormin predominantly (Ali 2015). Figure 15.10 contains a few chemical compounds of C. tinctorius.
Integrative hyperthermia treatments for different types of cancer
Published in Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee, Hyperthermia in Oncology, 2015
Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee
Prescription 1: Sappanwood 50 g, Camphora 50 g, Ramulus cinnamomi 15 g, old Radix lithospermi 15 g, Fructus liquidambaris 15 g, Rhizoma homalomenae 15 g, Lycopodii herba 15 g, Olibanum 10 g, Myrrha 10 g, Carthamus tinctorius L. 10 g, Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai 10 g, and Rubus obcordatus 10 g. Decoct drugs with water, and immerse (wash) joints of the affected part in the hot decoction. Efficacy: promotes blood circulation to dispel cold and removes meridian obstruction. It is applicable to patients with the syndromes of joint and bone pain caused by bone metastatic carcinoma.
Safflor yellow A protects vascular endothelial cells from ox-LDL-mediated damage
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Hu Zhang, Li-Juan Fan, Jun Liu, Jia-Qi Zhu, Ting-Ting Tan, Ming Li, You-Li Zhou
Carthamus tinctorius L belongs to the compositae family and is one of the commonly used Chinese medicines in clinical practice for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [10]. The medicinal safflower compounds include lignan [11], flavonoid [12], triterpene alcohol and polysaccharide [13], etc., which are used as anticoagulants, antioxidants, anti-apoptotic agents, and calcium antagonists. The key active ingredient of safflower L is safflower yellow (SY), which specifically includes hydroxy safflower yellow A (HSYA), safflower yellow A (SYA), safflower yellow B (SYB) [14,15]. SYA is a water-soluble monomer from Carthamus tinctorius L flower. It has been reported to act on multiple targets to provide cardio protection [16–18]. However, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects and the pathways that conduct these signals still need to be further explored.
Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine, activating anti-apoptotic and anti-neuroinflammatory pathways
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Xiaomei Yang, Yun Li, Lin Chen, Mingguo Xu, Jianbo Wu, Peng Zhang, Deon Nel, Baozhu Sun
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae) also named safflower which is a medicinal plant was officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (named in Honghua). It has been used in the treatment of cerebral and cardiovascular disease in Chinese folk medicine for hundreds of years (Guan et al. 2013). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a natural pigment extracted from Carthamus tinctorius (Figure 1), and it has become a major focus of recent research due to its protective effects in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases (Wei et al. 2005; Han et al. 2009; Sun et al. 2012; Pei et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017). Previous studies have shown that the neuroprotective effect of HSYA is associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, the inhibition of apoptosis (Chen et al. 2013), and the alleviation of inflammation (Pei et al. 2017). Moreover, HSYA has been demonstrated to protect motor function and dopamine neuron integrity in a rodent model of PD (Han et al. 2013). We previously reported that HSYA exhibits protective effects towards cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by suppressing thrombin production (Sun et al. 2010) and through an antioxidant activity (Wei et al. 2005). However, the molecular mechanisms associated with its protective effects against neuronal cell inflammation and apoptosis in PD remain poorly understood.
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil during pregnancy and lactation influences brain excitability and cortex oxidative status in the rat offspring
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Rosângela Figueiredo Mendes-da-Silva, Diorginis José Soares Ferreira, Andréia Albuquerque Cunha Lopes-de-Morais, Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti de Macêdo, Cláudia J. Lagranha, Manuella Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby
On the other hand, previous studies also indicate antioxidant activity of Carthamus tinctorius.8,9 Therefore, there is a growing interest in the animal data to evaluate the effects of SFO on brain development, primarily for two reasons: (i) there might be beneficial effects of SFO intake during a critical period of development and (ii) the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.