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Bone Health
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Calcium Supplements: The two primary forms of calcium used in supplements are calcium citrate and calcium carbonate. Because calcium carbonate requires stomach acid for absorption, it’s best to take this product with food. Calcium citrate supplements are absorbed more easily than calcium carbonate. They can be taken on an empty stomach and are more readily absorbed by people who are taking acid-reducing medications for heartburn.
Osteoporosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Calcium is also recommended to help prevent osteoporosis. Calcium carbonate supplements dissolve better in an acid environment, so they should be taken with a meal. Calcium citrate supplements can be taken any time because they do not need acid to dissolve. For this reason, individuals who might have problems absorbing medications (e.g., those taking PPIs) could consider using calcium citrate (e.g., Citrical) instead of calcium carbonate to increase absorption. The higher the individual calcium dose, the less it is absorbed. For the maximum absorption, no more than 500 mg of calcium should be taken in a single dose with the next dose at least four hours later.5
Micronutrient Supplementation and Ergogenesis — Minerals
Published in Luke Bucci, Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
In cases were bone mass is reduced, or in thin, amenorrheic women, guidelines for calcium supplementation are daily doses of 500 to 1000 mg of calcium, preferably from calcium citrate, calcium citrate/malate, calcium gluconate, or calcium lactate. Increases of dietary calcium from dairy products (preferably low-fat or non-fat dairy products) and green leafy vegetables are also advised.
Fracture recurrence in hip fracture with menopausal hormone therapy versus risedronate: a clinical trial
Published in Climacteric, 2021
C.-W. Park, S.-J. Lim, Y.-W. Moon, S.-H. Choi, M.-H. Shin, Y.-K. Min, B.-K. Yoon, Y.-S. Park
We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomized trial involving postmenopausal women sustaining a recent, acute hip fracture. Participants were recruited at a single institution from April 2005 to March 2015. Eligible participants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio using block randomization, to receive oral risedronate (35 mg; Sanofi-Aventis Korea, Seoul, Korea) weekly or percutaneous E2 gel (0.1%, 1.5 g; Samil Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea) plus oral MP4 (100 mg; Han Wha Pharma Co., Seoul, Korea) daily (Figure 1). Women assigned to receive risedronate were instructed to take the drug with 200 ml of water on an empty stomach and to remain upright for at least 30 min. Women assigned to the MHT group were instructed to apply three pumps of E2 gel on their forearm and to take one capsule of progesterone daily before bedtime. All participants were additionally prescribed a daily supplemental oral calcium citrate (950 mg, twice daily; Aju Pharm, Seoul, Korea). The study drugs were planned to be administered 6 weeks after the surgical repair of a hip fracture. Participants were monitored for 4 years by clinical visits scheduled every 3 months. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committees (SMC IRB No. 2005-01-003) and registered online (www.who.int/ictrp) (identifier: KCT0005513).
Leukocytapheresis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: a contemporary appraisal of outcomes and benefits
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
Rory M. Shallis, Maximilian Stahl, Jan Philipp Bewersdorf, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, Amer M. Zeidan
A small proportion (approximately 10%) of patients treated with leukocytapheresis will experience an apheresis-specific adverse event; however 90% and 50% of these will be mild and related to access problems (e.g. puncture needle reinsertion, local hematoma), respectively [85]. Other adverse events reported include hypotension, paresthesia, urticaria, chills, fever, nausea/vomiting, and arrhythmias, which each occur in <1% of procedures [85]. Approximately 2% of procedures, however, are complicated by serious adverse events requiring procedure interruption with the main contributor being hypotension or syncope [85]. If plasma is used as a replacement fluid, the risk of anaphylaxis exists but is still estimated to complicate only 2 per 100,000 procedures [85,86]. Citrate use as an intra-procedural anticoagulant for the closed apheresis circuit leads to a decrease in patient serum ionized calcium; citrate toxicity during the procedure can evoke hypocalcemic sequelae such as QTc prolongation, tetany, and seizure and may occur even despite supplemental calcium administration [16,83,87]. Further, prior data have associated leukocyte removal filters and the generation of the vasoactive nanopeptide bradykinin, which can lead to hypotension [88–90]. Because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) normally inactivates up to 75% of circulating bradykinin, patients taking ACE inhibitors and undergoing leukocytapheresis are found to have higher levels of bradykinin; this may increase the risk of hypotension [89].
Protective potential of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide extract against ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis
Published in Renal Failure, 2018
Shengbao Wang, Xiaoran Li, Junsheng Bao, Siyu Chen
Citrate is a potent inhibitor of stone formation—by complexing with calcium, citrate prevents crystallization by inhibiting the crystal growth of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, retarding the agglomeration of preformed calcium oxalate crystal and preventing the heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate; monosodium citrate also restores the inhibitory properties of Tamm–Horsfall protein [25,26]. To inhibit stone formation, potassium citrate and other forms of alkaline citrate have been prescribed to stone-formers; when ingested orally, alkaline citrate has been shown in multiple studies to increase the urinary pH, increase urinary citrate, and significantly reduce the recurrence of calcium stones [27]. In our experiments, we found that urinary citrate levels were significantly increased in group 3 compared with group 1, which is consistent with previous study results. Moreover, we found that KCit inhibited ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis-related P-JNK and KIM-1 expression, crystal deposition, and pathological changes and that it improved the renal functions in ethylene glycol-induced rats.