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Tube Feedings Formulas and Methods
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
This era also saw the production of various commercial enteral products by companies such as Mead Johnson11 and Wyeth-Ayerst12 (Harkness 2002). These formulas were composed of powdered milk, calcium caseinate, dextrose and maltodextrose, with vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenate, pyridoxine, folate, B12 and ascorbate) and minerals (sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and iron) added. Although more expensive than the hospital-made formulas, they were sterilized and deemed safer for patient use.
The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Whey protein, milk peptides, fermented milk and casein significantly lower BP in humans [2,6,89–94,103,109–114]. Administration of 20 g/day of hydrolyzed whey protein lowered BP within 6 weeks by 8.0/5.5 mmHg [90]. Milk peptides are rich in ACEI peptides, which lower BP by approximately 4.8/2.2 mmHg with doses of 5–60 mg/day [2,6,89–94,103]. Powdered fermented milk containing Lactobacillus helveticus and active ACEI peptides, dosed at 12 g daily significantly reduced BP by 11.2/6.5 mmHg in 1 month [91]. Administration of 20 g of hydrolyzed whey protein to hypertensive subjects lowered BP by 11/7 mmHg compared to controls within 1 week [94]. The WHEY2Go trial [109] was a double-blinded, randomized, three-way-crossover, controlled intervention study of 42 participants who were randomly assigned to consume 56 g of whey protein, 56 g of calcium caseinate or 54 g of maltodextrin (control)/day for 8 weeks separated by a 4-week washout.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Surekha Pendyal, Areeg Hassan El-Gharbawy
Lifelong galactose-restricted diet is recommended in classic galactosemia and patients with erythrocyte GALT activity below 10% of normal. This is achieved by elimination of galactose from the diet. Hence, foods to avoid include human milk, all milk-based foods and beverages, organ meats, meat by-products, fermented soy products, and soy sauce. Food- and medication-label reading is important to avoid all dairy products, lactose, casein, whey, etc. The international guidelines for management of classical galactosemia recommend allowing any amount and type of fruits, vegetables, legumes, unfermented soy-based products, aged/mature cheeses (with galactose content of <25 mg/100 g), and the food additives sodium or calcium caseinate. Calcium and vitamin D should be supplemented following age-specific recommendations for general population. There is no consensus regarding needing lifelong dietary treatment for patients with galactosemia with 10%–15% GALT activity. Galactose restriction is not recommended in Duarte galactosemia.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Six-Month Intervention Study of Soy Protein Isolate in Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: A Pilot Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Maarten C. Bosland, Joanne Schmoll, Hiroko Watanabe, Carla Randolph, Ikuko Kato
The intervention agent, soy protein isolate (from non-GM sources), or placebo, casein, was administered contained in a highly palatable beverage powder specifically developed for this type of chemoprevention clinical trials and manufactured and generously donated by Solae LLC (St. Louis, MO). A single 47 g. package of beverage powder was administered daily, which provided subjects in the treatment arm with approximately 23–26 mg of genistein and 40–43 mg of total isoflavones from their 20 g/day soy protein intake. This amount of soy intake is similar to that of infants and children consuming soy as nutritional supplement because of allergy to cow's milk protein or lactose intolerance, and it is similar to soy intake of a traditional Japanese diet and about 1.5 to two times the current average daily intake in older Japanese in Japan (8). The beverage powders were supplemented specifically for this trial in such a way that they are not distinguishable in macronutrient and micronutrient composition and only differ in the type of protein: soy protein isolate or calcium caseinate. Details of the nutrient composition of these materials have been published previously (5).
Impact of 18-Month Soy Protein Supplementation on Steroid Hormones and Serum Biomarkers of Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, and the Growth Hormone/IGF-1 Axis: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Males Following Prostatectomy
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Maarten C. Bosland, Jonathan Huang, Michael J. Schlicht, Erika Enk, Hui Xie, Ikuko Kato
The intervention agent was a soy protein isolate-based beverage powder and the placebo was a similar caseinate-based product, produced for this clinical trial by Solae LLC. Subjects were instructed to daily consume a serving of beverage powder (47 g) containing either soy protein isolate (19.2 g as analyzed) or calcium caseinate (19.8 g). The beverage powders were sweetened with a mixture of sucrose and fructose to improve palatability and artificial strawberry flavoring was added to mask the taste difference between the two powders. The soy protein isolate powder contained per serving 70.5 mg of all forms of isoflavones and in aglycone equivalents, 41 mg total isoflavones, 23.8 mg of genistein, and 15.0 mg daidzein as previously detailed along with the nutrient composition of the powders (18). Subjects were instructed to incorporate the beverage consumption in their daily routine without changing their dietary habits otherwise.
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Body Composition and Inflammation Markers in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer from a Public Hospital in Mexico
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Obed Solís-Martínez, Valentina Plasa-Carvalho, Geraldine Phillips-Sixtos, Yanelly Trujillo-Cabrera, Arturo Hernández-Cuellar, Gloria E. Queipo-García, Eduardo Meaney-Mendiolea, Guillermo M. Ceballos-Reyes, Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky
Patients were randomized into two groups to receive nutritional treatment for 6 weeks. Energy requirements were estimated using a standard of 30 kcal/kg of current weight for all subjects. They were also advised to follow a diet based on the Mexican System of Food Equivalents (21) with a distribution of 55% carbohydrates from the total daily energy expenditure, 25% proteins, and 20% lipids (1,22–24); in addition, a polymeric supplement was incorporated as a part of the diet, starting two weeks before antineoplastic treatment. The experimental group was provided with two bottles of a polymeric high-protein supplement enriched with 2 g of EPA per day (600 kcal, 40 g of protein) and the control group was provided with two bottles of a standard polymeric supplement along with 24 g of calcium caseinate per day (596 kcal, 40 g of protein) to deliver equal amounts of protein and calories. Polymeric formulas were imported by Fresenius Kabi México S.A. de C.V. in México.