China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Envisioning Utilization of Super Grains for Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Amaranth has a high mineral content of 3.6%, where zinc, magnesium, iron, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are present in superior amounts. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus ranges from 1:1.9 to 2.7, which is near the optimal value of 1:1.5 making it a good source of these minerals in celiac patients [138, 188]. The major vitamins in amaranth are thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid. It is also a good source of vitamin E (tocopherols), which is present in amounts of 7.28–27.9 µg/g. The high content of tocopherols protects the amaranth oil from oxidation despite higher unsaturation degree [188].
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Major sources of phytosterols include plant foods and their byproducts such as vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, olive oil, amaranth oil, wheat germ oil, soybean oil, etc.), cereals (oat, barley, rice, wheat germ, wheat bran, rice bran), fruits (avocado, olive, passion fruit, orange), vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, carrot, soybean, bean, algae, etc.), and grains (peanut, almond, flax seed, chia seed, etc.) (127, 129). Nuts and vegetable oils can contain more than 1% of phytosterols. Phytostanols (saturated sterols) occur in certain cereals (corn, wheat, rye, and rice), fruits, and vegetables, but their concentrations are much lower than those of unsaturated phytosterols (127). Oil and cereal refining processes lead to a loss of phytosterols. Phytosterols (PS) are natural components of human diets. The average daily intake of PS from natural sources is estimated to be between 150 and 440mg in Western countries (127, 129).
Lipid-Based Nanoformulations from Plants for Sustainable Drug Delivery
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Ilaria Clemente, Ilaria Colzi, Sara Falsini
In the last few years, another type of delivery system obtained from plants are the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) based on vegetable oils. Lacatusu et al. (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) proposed the association of natural plant extracts encapsulated in NLCs based on vegetable oils, showing the synergistic effect and the multifunctional features of the total bioactive lipid system. Lipid nanoformulations obtained from different vegetable oils (i.e., grape seed oil, amaranth oil, hempseed oil) and loaded with several nutraceuticals (i.e., green tea extracts, marigold extracts, carotenoid mixture) have shown effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties, in addition to a prolonged drug delivery as compared to conventional nanoemulsions.
Innovative strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis: a patent review (2014–2017)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Tulshidas S. Patil, Ashwini S. Deshpande
Ekaterina et al. [32,33] invented a treatment option to revert hepatotoxic adverse reactions induced by isoniazid. Researchers induced the liver toxicity in white mature male rats by administering a sixfold dose of isoniazid. Amaranth oil was extracted from germs and shells of amaranth seeds by cold pressing. The oil was administered to rats either in 200 mg dose thrice a day or 600 mg dose once a day. Administration of amaranth oil in liver toxicity-induced animals showed normalization of levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and refurbishment of histology of liver at the end of 10 days of treatment. Researchers advised continuing the administration of amaranth oil during TB therapy at a 1-month time interval.
Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) oil impact on the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils in the obese patients*
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Dominika Kanikowska, Alina Kanikowska, Rafał Rutkowski, Małgorzata Włochal, Zofia Orzechowska, Aldona Juchacz, Agnieszka Zawada, Marian Grzymisławski, Magdalena Roszak, Maki Sato, Andrzej Bręborowicz, Janusz Witowski
Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) oil contains tocotrienols and squalene compounds (which are known to affect cholesterol synthesis in humans), while canola (Brassica napus L.) oil is rich in both α- and γ-tocopherol, which have antioxidative activities (Qureshi et al. 1996). Amaranth oil was found to lower cholesterol in hamsters and chickens (Qureshi et al. 1996; He et al. 2002) as well as in humans (Martirosyan et al. 2007). Canola oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including 61% oleic acid, 21% linoleic acid, and 11% α-linolenic acid (ALA), plant sterols and high concentrations of phytosterols (769 mg/100 mg canola oil); all of which have been shown to be cardioprotective substances (Gunstone 2011). A study by Gillingham et al. (2011) also showed a positive correlation between MUFAs and cardiovascular health through the regulation of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Phytosterols can reduce LDL cholesterol by reducing its absorption (Suhad et al. 2008) and have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties (Szymańska and Kruk 2007). Kim et al. (2006) showed that amaranth oil supplementation in diabetic rats could reduce oxidative stress that was due to the improved endogenous production of superoxide radicals, even though the mechanism underlying the protective action of amaranth oil against oxidation remains unknown. In a study by Anilakumar et al. (2006), consumption of amaranth leaves by rats reduced oxidative stress in their livers, an effect that was attributed to the positive effects of the carotenoids, chlorophyllin and polyphenolic compounds that were present in the leaves. Carotenoids are known to scavenge free radicals and other oxidants (Sies and Stahl 1995). The study by Pasko et al. (2011) confirmed that amaranth grains reduced oxidative stress. This effect was obtained due to the significant amount of the flavonoid rutin in amaranth grains, which contribute to antioxidant activity. In this respect, plant oils (amaranth and canola oils), as a rich source of highly unsaturated fats, could be a potential dietary option for individuals affected by obesity.