China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Kaolinosis - kaolin or china clay deposits are found in the South West of England (in Devon and Cornwall) in the USA, etc. Kaolin is a non-fibrous aluminium silicate; it is inactive chemically and is insoluble in water. When washed free from granite (in which it occurs) a wet fat-like substance is produced, which may be used for making pottery, in cement, paint, glossy paper and for some pharmaceuticals. Inhalation may occur with transporting, bagging or the milling of dried kaolin, as well as in china clay and pottery workers.
Thickening Agents
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Ricardo D’Agostino Garcia, Antony O’Lenick, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva
Magnesium aluminium silicate is a naturally occurring smectite clay that has been water-washed to optimize purity and performance. It swells in the presence of water in a variety of aqueous compositions and is used as a thickener, and an emulsion and suspension stabilizer due to its colloidal structure. This hydrophilic clay has to be well dispersed with high-shear equipment in order to be effective. Applications include skin care lotions, creams, liquid soaps, shampoos, conditioners, make-up products and toothpaste.
Simple Mechanics and Pressure
Published in Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis, Primary FRCA in a Box, 2019
Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis
Oxygen Fractional distillation of liquefied air (industry)Oxygen concentrators. Aluminium silicate (‘The Zeolite’), which must be dust-free, is used as a molecular sieve to adsorb nitrogen from the air leaving approximately 93% oxygen
Interaction of L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in alleviating 1, 4-benzoquinone, a metabolite of benzene induced genotoxicity in male Wistar rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Ritu Mishra, Karabi Dutta, Manuj Kr. Bharali
In the present study, the protective effect of L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on BQ-induced genotoxicity measured in terms of micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and serum level of lipid peroxidation was investigated. BQ is the most reactive metabolite of benzene causing genomic damage responsible for observed myelotoxicity in benzene exposed people. It is known to induce chromosomal breaks and rearrangements which directly interfere with the activity of topoisomerase 1 increasing supercoiling causing replicative stress leading to hematopoietic toxicity [24]. There is also a report on BQ acting as topoisomerase II poison inhibiting its potential role on chromosome integrity which may be the reason for DNA strand breaks [4]. Structural chromosomal aberrations have been reported in benzene exposed workers [25,26]. Similarly, higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed in workers from a petroleum refinery aromatic plant when compared to the non-exposed group [27]. Chromatid or chromosomal gaps and breaks were the most prevalent type of chromosomal aberration defects recorded in BQ-induced groups in the current study. This is consistent with prior research on the genotoxicity of aluminum silicate in bone marrow cells of rat [28]. The results of our study corroborate with a prior study [29] which found that rodents exposed to any kind of chemicals developed the highest frequency of chromosomal aberrations most frequently within 24 hours.
Aluminum neurotoxicity and autophagy: a mechanistic view
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Sajjad Makhdoomi, Saba Ariafar, Fatemeh Mirzaei, Mojdeh Mohammadi
Inhalation and gastrointestinal absorption are the two main routes for aluminum intake. Following inhalation, aluminum compounds (for example, aluminum silicate and poorly soluble compounds) are mostly deposited in the lungs [32,33]. The uptake of aluminum via the gastrointestinal pathway is affected by diverse factors such as pH, stomach content, individual differences, age, and type of aluminum compounds [34]. Also, it is important to note that aluminum uptake from vaccines and parenteral fluids with pursuant distribution to diverse parts of the body can occur completely [35]. Due to having the same ion radius, aluminum and iron can compete with each other to bind to transferrin [36]. Aluminum can bind to ferritin, transferrin, and iron regulatory proteins (IRP). Approximately, 90% of the aluminum is transported bound to transferrin [37,38]. Consequently, it seems that cellular uptake of aluminum in tissues is mediated by endocytosis and intracellular transfer of the aluminum bound to transferrin. Added to this, the transferrin receptor may deliver aluminum-transferrin complex to the brain [39,40]. Finally, aluminum-loaded transferrin can lead to the disruption of iron and calcium homeostasis, in turn, causing the elevation of oxidative stress and peroxidation of membrane lipid [41]. It should be noted that the main route for elimination of aluminum ions is the kidney (about 95%) as aluminum citrate [30]. Some chemical chelators such as malic, oxalic, and succinic acids, and deferoxamine can cause the elevation of urinary excretion.
Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored products protection
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Masumeh Ziaee, Asgar Ebadollahi, Waqas Wakil
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is the most widely used inert dust for stored products protection. This subsequently resulted in the production of a large number of efficacy enhanced modified DE products, the IDIs (Shah and Khan 2014). Diatomaceous earth is made up of diatoms shells that have been fossilized for centuries (Ebeling 1971). Zeolites are alkaline crystalline aluminum silicates contains SiO4 and AlO4, and due to the natural silica content categorized with DE in the group of insert dusts that contain natural silica (Haryadi et al. 1994, Subramanyam and Roesli 2000).