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Common Medicines from Herbs, Minerals and Animal Sources
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
The oil drawn out from ajwain has demonstrated significant analgesic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects as well as bronchodilatory, antioxidant and antitumour activities (Moein et al., 2015). The carvacrol, thymol and phenols are accountable for the expectorant, antitussive and antiseptic activities. Trachyspermum ammi has also been used traditionally as a milk-enhancing agent in humans. Generally, thymol is identified for its antibacterial activities. Thymol is typically integrated into mouthwashes because of its antimicrobial activity against bacteria in the oral cavity (Asif et al., 2014). It is utilised as vermifuge, spasmogenic, lactagogue, fungicide, diaphoretic, aphrodisiac, carminative, hypotensive, antiseptic, tonic, litholytic, gastrostimulant, emmenagogue, cardio depressant, antispasmodic, diuretic, gastro relaxant, expectorant, laxative, sialogogue and stomachic (Duke, 2001).
Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
The Ajwain fruits are edible and usually used as a spice in India, the Middle East and Asia, and some parts of America. The seeds possess remarkable digestive and antiseptic properties and are used in traditional medicine, primarily to control bowel disorders such as indigestion, flatulence, colic, and diarrhea. They are also used as a stimulant, stomachic, carminative, aromatic, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, antiseptic, antiparasitic, antiscorbutic, antihistamine, vermicide, emmenagogue, sialagogue, and anti-inflammatory (Anwar et al. 2016). Ajwain oil contains around 50% thymol, which is a strong germicide, antibacterial, antispasmodic, and fungicide. The diuretic properties of T. ammi seeds have been widely reported for use in some drug formulations for kidney stone treatments (Kaur et al. 2009) (Figure 13.4).
Mortality and physiological impacts of the tea saponin against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Morteza Shahriari, Arash Zibaee, Seyyedeh Kimia Mirhaghparast, Sarah Aghaeepour Pour, Samar Ramzi, Hassan Hoda
Insects have evolved protective enzyme systems to detoxify toxicant compounds of plants as defenses against insect herbivores (Zhou et al. 2011, Zhang et al. 2013). ESTs and GSTs are the two groups of detoxifying enzymes that have a significant role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and the removal of plant toxins (Ramsey et al. 2010). In our study, ESTs and GSTs activities significantly increased in the larvae treated by TS compared to control. These results display that ESTs and GSTs may engage in detoxifying and metabolizing TS which have been mentioned in the earlier studies on botanical compounds. For example, Kumrungsee et al. (2014) reported an increment of EST and GST activities in P. xylostella treated by thymol and 1,8-cineole. Czerniewicz et al. (2018) revealed the GST activity in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was upregulated after treatment with Santolina chamaecyparissus, Tagetes patula, Tanacetum vulgare, Achillea millefolium, and Artemisia absinthium. The higher activities of EST and GST were also demonstrated in the Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae after exposure to ajwain oil and its components (Piri et al. 2020).