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Botulinum toxin complications and management
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Before starting your cosmetic practice, it is essential to understand the surface anatomy of the face to decrease the chance of accidentally treating the wrong area and conferring morbidity on your patients. In saying that, the anatomy of every patient you see will be slightly different, and it is almost impossible to know for certain that you are injecting the correct muscle group. Common areas which are inadvertently treated are the zygomaticus major muscle when treating the orbicularis oculi muscle as well as accidentally injecting the temporalis muscle when treating the frontalis.
Anatomy of the Midface
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Stephen A. Goldstein, Evan Ransom
Contraction of the zygomaticus muscles provides the greatest contribution to the smile. The origin of the zygomaticus major muscle is on the inferolateral part of the zygoma. As the muscle reaches the mouth, it splits to insert on the orbicularis oris superior and inferior to the oral commissure. Contraction thus results in superolateral excursion of the oral commissure and an expression associated with happiness. Some variability exists at the distal end of the zygomaticus major, with microdissections showing different patterns of insertion (11,12). Pessa et al. demonstrated a bifid zygomaticus major in 34% of specimens, with superior and inferior muscle bundles attaching at the upper corner and modiolus below the corner of the mouth, respectively (11). The authors suggest that this variation in muscle anatomy may explain differences in the presence and depth of cheek “dimples,” with implications for rejuvenation. In a similar study, Shim et al. delineate superficial and deep bands of the zygomaticus major in 60% of specimens (12). Superficial bands interlace with the levator anguli oris, while deeper bands blend with the fibers of the buccinator muscle. This highly varied anatomy attests to the challenge in correcting dimples with injectable fillers.
Complications of Absorbable Fillers
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Maurizio Cavallini, Gloria Trocchi, Izolda Heydenrych, Koenraad De Boulle, Benoit Hendrickx, Ali Pirayesh
Damage to this nerve leads to significant aesthetic and functional repercussions. At rest, the tone in the normally innervated zygomaticus major muscle will be unopposed by the now denervated DAO muscle, resulting in elevation of that corner of the mouth and the lower lip pulled up over the teeth. During grimacing or frowning, the now denervated DAO muscle cannot depress the corner of the mouth and lower lip, meaning the lower teeth will not show on the affected side.
Men’s Self-Reported and Psychophysiological Affective Responses to Sexual Violence and Their Associations with Rape Myths, Personality, and Sexual Traits: A Preliminary Study
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Joana Carvalho, Pedro J. Rosa, Erick Janssen
EDA and fEMG signals were acquired using BITalino (Plux Wireless BioSignals SA), a portable biosignal acquisition system, and OpenSignals software, both running on a desktop computer. While EDA functions as a marker of emotional arousal and autonomic activation (Rosa et al., 2017), fEMG can be used to measure negative (corrugator activity) and positive (zygomaticus activity) valence (Cacioppo et al., 1986; Larsen et al., 2003). EDA was measured using 11 mm silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) pre-gelled and self-adhesive disposable electrodes, placed on the distal phalanges of the index and middle fingers of the non-dominant hand. With regards to the fEMG signal, 8 mm bipolar silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) pre-gelled and self-adhesive surface disposable electrodes with a bipolar configuration were positioned parallel to participants’ left corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscle fiber regions as depicted in Figure 1.
Affective Responses to Gay Men Using Facial Electromyography: Is There a Psychophysiological “Look” of Anti-Gay Bias
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2019
Melanie A. Morrison, Krista M. Trinder, Todd G. Morrison
A technique that affords researchers the opportunity to measure affective responses implicitly is facial electromyography (EMG). Facial EMG is an unobtrusive continuous measure that remains the only psychophysiological technique that can discern positive from negative affect (Heller, Greischar, Honor, Anderle, & Davidson, 2011; Larsen, Norris, & Cacioppo, 2003). With regard to the latter characteristic, both negative and positive affect are measured via involuntary muscle movements occurring below the skin’s surface: electrodes are commonly placed on the corrugator supercilium muscle site, located above the eyebrow, and on the zygomaticus major muscle site, located on the cheek. Greater brow activity provides an indication of negative affect in the form of imperceptible frowns, while greater cheek activity depicts positive affect in the form of imperceptible smiles. These two locations have been found to be longstanding psychometrically sound indicants of implicit affective reactions (Cacioppo, Petty, Losch, & Kim, 1986; Heller et al., 2011; Mauersberger, Blaison, Kafetsios, Kessler, & Hess, 2015; Tassinary, Cacioppo, & Geen, 1989).