China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
The zygomaticus muscles are muscles of facial expression and are found anterior the zygoma and maxillae. The zygomaticus major originates from the zygoma and attaches at the corner of the mouth. When it contracts, it pulls the corner of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly to allow a person to smile. The zygomaticus minor is a slightly smaller muscle located superior and medial to the zygomaticus major. It, too, arises from the zygoma and is involved in smiling; however, this muscle inserts to the outer top lip and pulls the top lip superiorly, laterally and posteriorly, and aids the zygomaticus major in helping a person perform a smile. Both the zygomaticus muscles receive an arterial supply from the facial artery and are stimulated by the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. The venous drainage of the zygomaticus muscles comes from the facial vein which drains into the internal jugular vein. See Figure 3.17.
Eyebrow Enhancement or Instability?
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
The frontalis muscle originating from the epicranial aponeurosis with insertion into the orbicularis oculi muscle complex (Figure 15.1) is innervated by the temporal branches of the facial nerve. A lifting vector is provided in accordance with the orientation of the myofibrils mildly aligning to the superolateral direction. The orbicularis oculi muscle has several origins, including the frontal process of the maxillary bone, the lacrimal crest, and the medial palpebral ligament inserting into the lateral palpebral ligament. The temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve innervate the muscle. The most medial and lateral fibers of the muscle are arranged in a perpendicular orientation, pulling the eyebrow structure down with some tangential vector components directing to the lateral and to the medial (Figure 15.2). The depressor supercilii muscle can be viewed as a part of the orbicularis oculi muscle originating from the frontal process of the maxilla and inserting into the medial third of the eyebrow skin and the orbicularis oculi muscle. It helps pull the medial brow downwards and medially. The corrugator supercilii muscle provides most of the frowning force with its origin in the superciliary arch of the frontal bone and insertion at the medial brow to the skin and orbicularis oculi muscle complex. Innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve, it approximates the brow through the medial brow attachment in the inferior medial direction. The procerus muscle has its origin in the nasal bone and the transverse part of the nasalis muscle, inserting to the skin of the glabella and the frontalis muscle there. It depresses the glabella skin downwards, with innervation by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve.
Swallow-Induced Eyelid Myokymia: A Novel Synkinesis Syndrome
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2020
Amrita-Amanda D. Vuppala, Gregory J. Griepentrog, Ryan D. Walsh
We hypothesise that swallow-induced eyelid myokymia, as seen in our patient, is the result of aberrant regeneration involving facial nerve innervations to suprahyoid and orbicularis oculi muscles. The suprahyoid muscles include the stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and digastric muscles, and are involved in tongue/mouth movements and swallowing. In particular, the stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from branches of the facial nerve,23 and function to open the jaw as well as acting as laryngeal elevators, thus assisting in mastication and swallowing. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from the mandibular branch of the fifth nerve, and the geniohyoid is supplied by the C1 nerve roots which run within the hypoglossal nerve. The orbicularis oculi, the co-innervated muscle in this patient’s proposed synkinesis, is a subcutaneous muscle that is innervated by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. It is a muscle of eye closure and also plays a role in tear drainage by helping to ensure proper functioning of the lacrimal pump.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2019
David Bellows, Noel Chan, John Chen, Hui-Chen Cheng, Michael Vaphiades, Konrad Weber
Congenital oculonasal synkinesis is a rare condition that is often asymptomatic. It results from the misdirection of cranial nerve axon growth in utero or from acquired compression/trauma, leading to a common innervation by the facial nerve to the orbicularis oculi and the compressor narium minor. The orbicularis oculi is a broad flat muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids, and is innervated by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. The compressor narium minor muscle is a small, pyramidal muscle oriented across the domes of the lower lateral cartilages, innervated by the superior buccal branches of the facial nerve. The musculus dilator naris anterior (apices nasi) and the musculus compressor narium minor are in close apposition to the lower lateral cartilages and play an important role in compressing the alae. The authors present a 4-year-old girl with maxillary hypoplasia, intermittent exotropia, and high myopia who displayed congenital oculonasal synkinesis. They examine the implications for pathogenesis of these disparate craniofacial findings.