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The Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement of Body Fat Content
Published in Roy J. Shephard, Obesity: A Kinesiologist’s Perspective, 2018
The prognostic value of the waist circumference–height ratio is surpassed by that of the waist circumference–hip circumference ratio, particularly if the latter is adjusted for BMI [45]. The WHO considers a waist–hip ratio >0.85 in men and 0.90 in women as evidence of obesity [79], while the U.S. National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases has set the male and female obesity thresholds at ratios of 0.80 and 1.00, respectively. In a study of various North American Indian populations, Young [80] noted that the highest waist circumference–hip ratios were seen in Cree-Ojibway samples (0.94–0.99 in men and 0.90–0.93 in women), and Young commented that these two indigenous groups had undergone the greatest acculturation to a sedentary “Western” lifestyle in recent years.
Obesity and diet
Published in Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Marie-Anne Essam, Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care, 2018
Clive Handler, Gerry Coghlan, Marie-Anne Essam
Abdominal obesity is recognised as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference, skin fold thickness, and waist: hip ratio appear to be more strongly associated with cardiovascular events and death than BMI. This may be due to excess visceral adipose tissue which promotes insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Waist: hip ratio may be superior to waist circumference as a predictor of cardiovascular risk because it incorporates a measurement of hip circumference which is inversely associated with insulin resistance, and other biochemical abnormalities underlying the metabolic syndrome. Both should be measured and recorded in patients’ records although it is easier to measure waist circumference because patients do not need to disrobe. The cut-off values of these measurements determining cardiovascular risk are not validated.
The relationship between general and abdominal obesity, nutrition and respiratory functions in adult asthmatics
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Ümüş Özbey Yücel, Aliye Gamze Çalış
All anthropometric measurements were taken while individuals were fasting. The height and body weight of the patients was measured without shoes. Waist and hip circumference measurements were taken with inflexible tape while wearing light clothes. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and recorded by dividing body weight by the square of height (kg/m2) (Omron BF-511 MediGross, Istanbul, Turkey/Medicalin.com). Obesity was considered as BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 and normal weight was BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m.2 Waist circumference (WC) of 80 cm and above in women and 94 cm and above in men was considered as “at risk”. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) of 0.85 and above in women, and 0.90 and above in men was considered as "at risk". All anthropometric measurements were evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (17).
Association between obesity and lung function changes by sex and age in adults with asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Minji Kim, Sang-Heon Cho, Jae-Woo Jung, Byoung-Whui Choi, Sae-Hoon Kim, Hye-Kyung Park, An-Soo Jang, Hyun Jung Jin, Yoo Seob Shin, Min-Hye Kim, Jae-Hyun Lee, Jung-Won Park, Jae-Woo Kwon, Taehoon Lee, Solmi Kim, Tae-Bum Kim, Jeong-Hee Choi
The present study has several limitations. First, while it is a prospective multicenter cohort study with voluntarily participating hospitals, the possibility of selection bias cannot be excluded. The study population enrolled newly diagnosed asthma patients from the COREA cohort without artificial interventions during enrollment and follow-up. The resulting significant loss of patients during follow-up and the female preponderance of study participants can indicate a selection bias. Second, the tri-monthly period for the assessment of pulmonary function changes may be insufficient for the evaluation of long-term asthma control. Third, we adopted the WHO classification for the Asia-Pacific population as definition of BMI categories, where cutoff of BMI for obesity is lower than western countries. In this reason, our study results might have limitation for generalization worldwide. Forth, the BMI may not be a good indicator of body fat composition in comparison to the waist-hip ratio. In the present study, the lung function changes according to BMI were significantly lower in women, suggesting that women have a higher body fat composition compared to men in the same BMI group, resulting in increased obesity-related inflammation and poor asthma control. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the association between lung function changes and waist-hip ratio in asthmatics.
Evaluation of exercise capacity using two field tests in patients with metabolic syndrome
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Cemile Bozdemir Ozel, Hulya Arikan, Raziye Nesrin Demirtas, Melda Saglam, Ebru Calik-Kutukcu, Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Deniz Inal-Ince, Aysen Akalin, Ozgen Celer, Hazal Sonbahar-Ulu, Aslihan Cakmak
Physical, physiological, and sociodemographic data were recorded. Anthropometric measurements (waist and hip circumferences) were taken. With the patients standing upright, waist circumference (cm) was determined by measuring horizontally between the last rib and the iliac crest using a tape measure. Hip circumference (cm) was measured parallel to the floor at the level of the greater trochanters. Waist-hip ratio was calculated using these circumferential values. Waist-height ratio was calculated as waist circumference/height. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight/height2 (kg/m2). Obesity was classified according to the World Health Organization criteria: BMI <18.5 as underweight, 18.5–24 as normal, 25–29.9 as overweight, 30.0–34.9 as class I obese, 35.0–39.9 as class II obese, and >40 as class III (morbidly) obese. Body fat percentage and lean body mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita, TBF-300, Tokyo, Japan).